Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use
With increasing technology advancement, including the rising use of smartphones, some individuals rely heavily on smartphones in their daily lives and become increasingly anxious if they do not have access to their smartphones (i.e., nomophobia [no mobile phobia]). The present study evaluated the ps...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Acta Psychologica |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004330 |
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| author | Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr Ira Nurmala Lutfi Agus Salim Asma Nadia Yuli Puspita Devi Annisa Clara Salsabila Musheer A. Aljaberi Mark D. Griffiths Chung-Ying Lin |
| author_facet | Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr Ira Nurmala Lutfi Agus Salim Asma Nadia Yuli Puspita Devi Annisa Clara Salsabila Musheer A. Aljaberi Mark D. Griffiths Chung-Ying Lin |
| author_sort | Muthmainnah Muthmainnah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With increasing technology advancement, including the rising use of smartphones, some individuals rely heavily on smartphones in their daily lives and become increasingly anxious if they do not have access to their smartphones (i.e., nomophobia [no mobile phobia]). The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) to evaluate its validity and reliability among Indonesian university students aged 18 to 24 years. Each item and the structure of the Indonesian NMP-Q were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Multi-group CFA (MGCFA) was employed to examine whether different genders, individuals with different levels of problematic smartphone use, and those with different time spent on social media use (more or less than five hours daily) interpreted the NMP-Q similarly. Moreover, Pearson correlations were used to examine how the NMP-Q was associated with other measures. After removing Item 1 of Factor III, the total and individual factor scores of the NMP-Q exhibited very good internal consistency (α = 0.76–0.93; ω = 0.76–0.92), The total and individual factor scores of the NMP-Q exhibited very good internal consistency (α = 0.76–0.93; ω = 0.76–0.92). The four-factor structure of the NMP-Q was supported and was invariant across different genders, different levels of smartphone use, and different daily time spent on social media. The NMP-Q was associated more strongly with problematic smartphone use (r = 0.17–0.41; p < .001) than with measures of weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress (r = 0.13–0.23; p < .001). The Indonesian NMP-Q is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing nomophobia among Indonesian university students, which researchers and healthcare providers can use in their research and/or clinical practice. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b1ee148d1608413ea40d7ad362c172e7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0001-6918 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Psychologica |
| spelling | doaj-art-b1ee148d1608413ea40d7ad362c172e72025-08-20T03:31:11ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-08-0125810512010.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105120Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone useMuthmainnah Muthmainnah0Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr1Ira Nurmala2Lutfi Agus Salim3Asma Nadia4Yuli Puspita Devi5Annisa Clara Salsabila6Musheer A. Aljaberi7Mark D. Griffiths8Chung-Ying Lin9Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaInstitute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Corresponding authors.Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, IndonesiaDepartment of Health Policy and Administration, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, IndonesiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Section Nursing Science, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Research Centre Innovations in Care, Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Corresponding authors.International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare St., Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UKDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701401, Taiwan; School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shiquan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; Correspondence to: C.-Y. Lin, 1 University Rd., Tainan 701401, Taiwan.With increasing technology advancement, including the rising use of smartphones, some individuals rely heavily on smartphones in their daily lives and become increasingly anxious if they do not have access to their smartphones (i.e., nomophobia [no mobile phobia]). The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) to evaluate its validity and reliability among Indonesian university students aged 18 to 24 years. Each item and the structure of the Indonesian NMP-Q were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Multi-group CFA (MGCFA) was employed to examine whether different genders, individuals with different levels of problematic smartphone use, and those with different time spent on social media use (more or less than five hours daily) interpreted the NMP-Q similarly. Moreover, Pearson correlations were used to examine how the NMP-Q was associated with other measures. After removing Item 1 of Factor III, the total and individual factor scores of the NMP-Q exhibited very good internal consistency (α = 0.76–0.93; ω = 0.76–0.92), The total and individual factor scores of the NMP-Q exhibited very good internal consistency (α = 0.76–0.93; ω = 0.76–0.92). The four-factor structure of the NMP-Q was supported and was invariant across different genders, different levels of smartphone use, and different daily time spent on social media. The NMP-Q was associated more strongly with problematic smartphone use (r = 0.17–0.41; p < .001) than with measures of weight-related self-stigma and psychological distress (r = 0.13–0.23; p < .001). The Indonesian NMP-Q is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing nomophobia among Indonesian university students, which researchers and healthcare providers can use in their research and/or clinical practice.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004330NomophobiaNomophobia questionnaireProblematic smartphone usePsychometric evaluationPsychological distress |
| spellingShingle | Muthmainnah Muthmainnah Kamolthip Ruckwongpatr Ira Nurmala Lutfi Agus Salim Asma Nadia Yuli Puspita Devi Annisa Clara Salsabila Musheer A. Aljaberi Mark D. Griffiths Chung-Ying Lin Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use Acta Psychologica Nomophobia Nomophobia questionnaire Problematic smartphone use Psychometric evaluation Psychological distress |
| title | Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use |
| title_full | Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use |
| title_fullStr | Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use |
| title_short | Psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian Nomophobia Questionnaire among college students: Measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use |
| title_sort | psychometric evaluation of the indonesian nomophobia questionnaire among college students measurement invariance across gender and levels of problematic smartphone use |
| topic | Nomophobia Nomophobia questionnaire Problematic smartphone use Psychometric evaluation Psychological distress |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004330 |
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