Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United States

Abstract Understanding wetland carbon stores and dynamics are critical to managing global carbon flux. Non‐floodplain wetlands (NFWs) are hydrologically dynamic and globally prevalent inland wetlands distal to fluvial flowpaths, lacustrine‐fringing areas, and geomorphic floodplains; >50% the worl...

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Main Authors: Charles R. Lane, Amanda M. Nahlik, Jay Christensen, Heather Golden, Michael Dumelle, Ellen D’Amico, Anthony R. Olsen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Earth's Future
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005594
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author Charles R. Lane
Amanda M. Nahlik
Jay Christensen
Heather Golden
Michael Dumelle
Ellen D’Amico
Anthony R. Olsen
author_facet Charles R. Lane
Amanda M. Nahlik
Jay Christensen
Heather Golden
Michael Dumelle
Ellen D’Amico
Anthony R. Olsen
author_sort Charles R. Lane
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Understanding wetland carbon stores and dynamics are critical to managing global carbon flux. Non‐floodplain wetlands (NFWs) are hydrologically dynamic and globally prevalent inland wetlands distal to fluvial flowpaths, lacustrine‐fringing areas, and geomorphic floodplains; >50% the world's remaining wetlands have been reported as NFWs. Quantifying NFW carbon stores and dynamics represents a substantive global carbon‐budget gap. We analyze conterminous‐US (CONUS) field‐based data collected from nearly 2000 wetland sites sampled by the National Wetlands Condition Assessment (NWCA) representing ∼38 Mha CONUS wetlands, asking: What is the mean soil organic carbon density and total carbon storage in different hydrogeomorphically classified wetland types? To what extent does soil organic carbon density and total carbon in NFWs differ from other wetland types? How does NFW soil organic carbon density and total carbon vary between altered and intact NFWs? We find that relative to other wetland types, NFWs are carbon‐storing powerhouses, containing approximately 1.5x soil organic carbon per ha than other wetland types sampled. CONUS‐wide, NFWs store more total carbon across every depth increment: ∼2.0x than other wetland types. Further, wetland condition affects carbon dynamics: least impaired NFWs had 1.6x the soil organic carbon density found in intermediately disturbed wetlands and 1.8x the density of most‐disturbed NFWs. These NWCA data, plus waning societal protections, suggests that carbon releases from NFW destruction across CONUS landscapes are likely to increase—perhaps markedly—in the coming years (e.g., through altered hydrology affecting atmospheric release of NFW‐stored carbon as well as dissolved carbon export).
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spelling doaj-art-b1e3f8bbde054518a181e62cf16059b12025-08-20T03:07:58ZengWileyEarth's Future2328-42772025-04-01134n/an/a10.1029/2024EF005594Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United StatesCharles R. Lane0Amanda M. Nahlik1Jay Christensen2Heather Golden3Michael Dumelle4Ellen D’Amico5Anthony R. Olsen6Ecosystem Processes Division U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling Athens GA USAPacific Ecological Effects Division U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Corvallis OR USAWatershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling Cincinnati OH USAWatershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling Cincinnati OH USAPacific Ecological Effects Division U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Corvallis OR USAWatershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division Pegasus Technical Services Ltd. c/o U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling Cincinnati OH USAPacific Ecological Effects Division U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment Corvallis OR USAAbstract Understanding wetland carbon stores and dynamics are critical to managing global carbon flux. Non‐floodplain wetlands (NFWs) are hydrologically dynamic and globally prevalent inland wetlands distal to fluvial flowpaths, lacustrine‐fringing areas, and geomorphic floodplains; >50% the world's remaining wetlands have been reported as NFWs. Quantifying NFW carbon stores and dynamics represents a substantive global carbon‐budget gap. We analyze conterminous‐US (CONUS) field‐based data collected from nearly 2000 wetland sites sampled by the National Wetlands Condition Assessment (NWCA) representing ∼38 Mha CONUS wetlands, asking: What is the mean soil organic carbon density and total carbon storage in different hydrogeomorphically classified wetland types? To what extent does soil organic carbon density and total carbon in NFWs differ from other wetland types? How does NFW soil organic carbon density and total carbon vary between altered and intact NFWs? We find that relative to other wetland types, NFWs are carbon‐storing powerhouses, containing approximately 1.5x soil organic carbon per ha than other wetland types sampled. CONUS‐wide, NFWs store more total carbon across every depth increment: ∼2.0x than other wetland types. Further, wetland condition affects carbon dynamics: least impaired NFWs had 1.6x the soil organic carbon density found in intermediately disturbed wetlands and 1.8x the density of most‐disturbed NFWs. These NWCA data, plus waning societal protections, suggests that carbon releases from NFW destruction across CONUS landscapes are likely to increase—perhaps markedly—in the coming years (e.g., through altered hydrology affecting atmospheric release of NFW‐stored carbon as well as dissolved carbon export).https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005594geographically isolated wetlandupland‐embedded wetlandinland wetlandsNational Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS)National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA)wetlands (1890)
spellingShingle Charles R. Lane
Amanda M. Nahlik
Jay Christensen
Heather Golden
Michael Dumelle
Ellen D’Amico
Anthony R. Olsen
Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United States
Earth's Future
geographically isolated wetland
upland‐embedded wetland
inland wetlands
National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS)
National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA)
wetlands (1890)
title Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United States
title_full Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United States
title_fullStr Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United States
title_full_unstemmed Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United States
title_short Non‐Floodplain Wetlands Are Carbon‐Storage Powerhouses Across the United States
title_sort non floodplain wetlands are carbon storage powerhouses across the united states
topic geographically isolated wetland
upland‐embedded wetland
inland wetlands
National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS)
National Wetland Condition Assessment (NWCA)
wetlands (1890)
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005594
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AT amandamnahlik nonfloodplainwetlandsarecarbonstoragepowerhousesacrosstheunitedstates
AT jaychristensen nonfloodplainwetlandsarecarbonstoragepowerhousesacrosstheunitedstates
AT heathergolden nonfloodplainwetlandsarecarbonstoragepowerhousesacrosstheunitedstates
AT michaeldumelle nonfloodplainwetlandsarecarbonstoragepowerhousesacrosstheunitedstates
AT ellendamico nonfloodplainwetlandsarecarbonstoragepowerhousesacrosstheunitedstates
AT anthonyrolsen nonfloodplainwetlandsarecarbonstoragepowerhousesacrosstheunitedstates