Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems

In the context of global carbon neutrality and energy structure transformation, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, as a core infrastructure of a new power system, is experiencing rapid large-scale development. However, fire and explosion risks have emerged as a critical bottleneck, hinde...

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Main Authors: Suwen Chen, Guanjie Kong, Yalei Zhang, Guoqiang Li
Format: Article
Language:zho
Published: 《中国工程科学》杂志社 2025-04-01
Series:中国工程科学
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Online Access:https://www.engineering.org.cn/sscae/EN/PDF/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2025.01.026
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author Suwen Chen
Guanjie Kong
Yalei Zhang
Guoqiang Li
author_facet Suwen Chen
Guanjie Kong
Yalei Zhang
Guoqiang Li
author_sort Suwen Chen
collection DOAJ
description In the context of global carbon neutrality and energy structure transformation, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, as a core infrastructure of a new power system, is experiencing rapid large-scale development. However, fire and explosion risks have emerged as a critical bottleneck, hindering the safe and sustainable development of the energy storage industry. In recent years, frequent safety accidents involving lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, both in China and abroad, have highlighted systemic challenges such as complex mechanisms of thermal runaway, lagging safety prevention and control technologies, and insufficient lifecycle management. This study adopts a "mechanism-assessment-prevention and control" research framework to systematically analyze the causes and evolution mechanisms of fire and explosion accidents regarding lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. It identifies the hierarchical risk characteristics, described as “single cell failure to system-wide failure propagation.” Following a strategy of “battery safety-early warning-hierarchical protection,” the study reviews the current research status of safety prevention and control technologies. Furthermore, it reveals key challenges in the safety prevention and control technologies for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, including the coexistence of individual technological breakthroughs and systemic defects, imbalance between cost and benefit, emergence of risks in new scenarios, and difficulties in lifecycle safety management. To enhance the safety resilience of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems and support the high-quality development of new energy systems, this study recommends focusing on fundamental research on lithium-ion battery safety, deepening system integration and engineering safety design, strengthening lifecycle safety management, optimizing standards systems and regulatory mechanisms, improving emergency response and insurance systems, and promoting industry chain collaboration and interdisciplinary integration.
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issn 1009-1742
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher 《中国工程科学》杂志社
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series 中国工程科学
spelling doaj-art-b1d43bb8995d421eba9c778975216f962025-08-20T03:11:17Zzho《中国工程科学》杂志社中国工程科学1009-17422025-04-0127226928610.15302/J-SSCAE-2025.01.026Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage SystemsSuwen Chen0Guanjie Kong1Yalei Zhang2Guoqiang Li31. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China|2. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China2. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China1. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China|2. College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaIn the context of global carbon neutrality and energy structure transformation, the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, as a core infrastructure of a new power system, is experiencing rapid large-scale development. However, fire and explosion risks have emerged as a critical bottleneck, hindering the safe and sustainable development of the energy storage industry. In recent years, frequent safety accidents involving lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, both in China and abroad, have highlighted systemic challenges such as complex mechanisms of thermal runaway, lagging safety prevention and control technologies, and insufficient lifecycle management. This study adopts a "mechanism-assessment-prevention and control" research framework to systematically analyze the causes and evolution mechanisms of fire and explosion accidents regarding lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. It identifies the hierarchical risk characteristics, described as “single cell failure to system-wide failure propagation.” Following a strategy of “battery safety-early warning-hierarchical protection,” the study reviews the current research status of safety prevention and control technologies. Furthermore, it reveals key challenges in the safety prevention and control technologies for lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, including the coexistence of individual technological breakthroughs and systemic defects, imbalance between cost and benefit, emergence of risks in new scenarios, and difficulties in lifecycle safety management. To enhance the safety resilience of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems and support the high-quality development of new energy systems, this study recommends focusing on fundamental research on lithium-ion battery safety, deepening system integration and engineering safety design, strengthening lifecycle safety management, optimizing standards systems and regulatory mechanisms, improving emergency response and insurance systems, and promoting industry chain collaboration and interdisciplinary integration.https://www.engineering.org.cn/sscae/EN/PDF/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2025.01.026lithium-ion batteryenergy storage systemfire and explosion risksprevention and control strategiessafety resilience
spellingShingle Suwen Chen
Guanjie Kong
Yalei Zhang
Guoqiang Li
Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
中国工程科学
lithium-ion battery
energy storage system
fire and explosion risks
prevention and control strategies
safety resilience
title Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
title_full Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
title_fullStr Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
title_full_unstemmed Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
title_short Fire and Explosion Risk Analysis and Prevention and Control Technology of Lithium-ion Battery Energy Storage Systems
title_sort fire and explosion risk analysis and prevention and control technology of lithium ion battery energy storage systems
topic lithium-ion battery
energy storage system
fire and explosion risks
prevention and control strategies
safety resilience
url https://www.engineering.org.cn/sscae/EN/PDF/10.15302/J-SSCAE-2025.01.026
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AT yaleizhang fireandexplosionriskanalysisandpreventionandcontroltechnologyoflithiumionbatteryenergystoragesystems
AT guoqiangli fireandexplosionriskanalysisandpreventionandcontroltechnologyoflithiumionbatteryenergystoragesystems