In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly tumors worldwide. The majority of CRC is resistant to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-based cancer immunotherapy, with approximately 15% with high-microsatellite instability, high tumor mutation burden, and intratumoral l...

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Main Authors: Nicola Normanno, Fabiana Tatangelo, Piera Maiolino, Stefania Scala, Caterina Ieranò, Dario Righelli, Crescenzo D'Alterio, Maria Napolitano, Luigi Portella, Giuseppina Rea, Federica Auletta, Sara Santagata, Anna Maria Trotta, Giuseppe Guardascione, Federica Liotti, Nella Prevete, Antonio Luciano, Antonio Barbieri, Annabella Di Mauro, Cristin Roma, Riziero Esposito Abate, Roberto Pacelli, Rosa Marina Melillo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2022-03-01
Series:Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
Online Access:https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/3/e004032.full
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author Nicola Normanno
Fabiana Tatangelo
Piera Maiolino
Stefania Scala
Caterina Ieranò
Dario Righelli
Crescenzo D'Alterio
Maria Napolitano
Luigi Portella
Giuseppina Rea
Federica Auletta
Sara Santagata
Anna Maria Trotta
Giuseppe Guardascione
Federica Liotti
Nella Prevete
Antonio Luciano
Antonio Barbieri
Annabella Di Mauro
Cristin Roma
Riziero Esposito Abate
Roberto Pacelli
Rosa Marina Melillo
author_facet Nicola Normanno
Fabiana Tatangelo
Piera Maiolino
Stefania Scala
Caterina Ieranò
Dario Righelli
Crescenzo D'Alterio
Maria Napolitano
Luigi Portella
Giuseppina Rea
Federica Auletta
Sara Santagata
Anna Maria Trotta
Giuseppe Guardascione
Federica Liotti
Nella Prevete
Antonio Luciano
Antonio Barbieri
Annabella Di Mauro
Cristin Roma
Riziero Esposito Abate
Roberto Pacelli
Rosa Marina Melillo
author_sort Nicola Normanno
collection DOAJ
description Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly tumors worldwide. The majority of CRC is resistant to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-based cancer immunotherapy, with approximately 15% with high-microsatellite instability, high tumor mutation burden, and intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 signaling was described in solid tumor cells. In melanoma, liver, and thyroid cancer cells, intrinsic PD-1 signaling activates oncogenic functions, while in lung cancer cells, it has a tumor suppressor effect. Our work aimed to evaluate the effects of the anti-PD-1 nivolumab (NIVO) on CRC cells.Methods In vitro NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells (HT29, HCT116, and LoVo) were evaluated for cell growth, chemo/radiotherapeutic sensitivity, apoptosis, and spheroid growth. Total RNA-seq was assessed in 6–24 hours NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells HT29 and HCT116 as compared with NIVO-treated PES43 human melanoma cells. In vivo mice carrying HT29 xenograft were intraperitoneally treated with NIVO, OXA (oxaliplatin), and NIVO+OXA, and the tumors were characterized for growth, apoptosis, and pERK1/2/pP38. Forty-eight human primary colon cancers were evaluated for PD-1 expression through immunohistochemistry.Results In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells, intrinsic PD-1 signaling significantly decreased proliferation and promoted apoptosis. On the contrary, NIVO promoted proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and protected PD-1+ cells from chemo/radiotherapy. Transcriptional profile of NIVO-treated HT29 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells revealed downregulation of BATF2, DRAM1, FXYD3, IFIT3, MT-TN, and TNFRSF11A, and upregulation of CLK1, DCAF13, DNAJC2, MTHFD1L, PRPF3, PSMD7, and SCFD1; the opposite regulation was described in NIVO-treated human melanoma PES43 cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched for interferon pathway, innate immune, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. In vivo, NIVO promoted HT29 tumor growth, thus reducing OXA efficacy as revealed through significant Ki-67 increase, pERK1/2 and pP38 increase, and apoptotic cell reduction. Eleven out of 48 primary human colon cancer biopsies expressed PD-1 (22.9%). PD-1 expression is significantly associated with lower pT stage.Conclusions In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells, NIVO activates tumor survival pathways and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-b1c66c6327b04eacbccc9f2e0878a6d92025-08-20T03:05:21ZengBMJ Publishing GroupJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2051-14262022-03-0110310.1136/jitc-2021-004032In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapiesNicola Normanno0Fabiana Tatangelo1Piera Maiolino2Stefania Scala3Caterina Ieranò4Dario Righelli5Crescenzo D'Alterio6Maria Napolitano7Luigi Portella8Giuseppina Rea9Federica Auletta10Sara Santagata11Anna Maria Trotta12Giuseppe Guardascione13Federica Liotti14Nella Prevete15Antonio Luciano16Antonio Barbieri17Annabella Di Mauro18Cristin Roma19Riziero Esposito Abate20Roberto Pacelli21Rosa Marina Melillo225 Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, National Cancer Institute IRCCS Pascale Foundation, Napoli, ItalyPathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyPharmacy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyStatistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyMicroenvironment Molecular Targets, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR-NA1, Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR-NA1, Napoli, ItalyAnimal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyAnimal Facility, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyPathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyCell Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, ItalyCell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione G.Pascale, Napoli, ItalyAdvanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, ItalyInstitute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), CNR-NA1, Napoli, ItalyBackground Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly tumors worldwide. The majority of CRC is resistant to anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)-based cancer immunotherapy, with approximately 15% with high-microsatellite instability, high tumor mutation burden, and intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)/PD-1 signaling was described in solid tumor cells. In melanoma, liver, and thyroid cancer cells, intrinsic PD-1 signaling activates oncogenic functions, while in lung cancer cells, it has a tumor suppressor effect. Our work aimed to evaluate the effects of the anti-PD-1 nivolumab (NIVO) on CRC cells.Methods In vitro NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells (HT29, HCT116, and LoVo) were evaluated for cell growth, chemo/radiotherapeutic sensitivity, apoptosis, and spheroid growth. Total RNA-seq was assessed in 6–24 hours NIVO-treated human colon cancer cells HT29 and HCT116 as compared with NIVO-treated PES43 human melanoma cells. In vivo mice carrying HT29 xenograft were intraperitoneally treated with NIVO, OXA (oxaliplatin), and NIVO+OXA, and the tumors were characterized for growth, apoptosis, and pERK1/2/pP38. Forty-eight human primary colon cancers were evaluated for PD-1 expression through immunohistochemistry.Results In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells, intrinsic PD-1 signaling significantly decreased proliferation and promoted apoptosis. On the contrary, NIVO promoted proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and protected PD-1+ cells from chemo/radiotherapy. Transcriptional profile of NIVO-treated HT29 and HCT116 human colon cancer cells revealed downregulation of BATF2, DRAM1, FXYD3, IFIT3, MT-TN, and TNFRSF11A, and upregulation of CLK1, DCAF13, DNAJC2, MTHFD1L, PRPF3, PSMD7, and SCFD1; the opposite regulation was described in NIVO-treated human melanoma PES43 cells. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched for interferon pathway, innate immune, cytokine-mediated signaling pathways. In vivo, NIVO promoted HT29 tumor growth, thus reducing OXA efficacy as revealed through significant Ki-67 increase, pERK1/2 and pP38 increase, and apoptotic cell reduction. Eleven out of 48 primary human colon cancer biopsies expressed PD-1 (22.9%). PD-1 expression is significantly associated with lower pT stage.Conclusions In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells, NIVO activates tumor survival pathways and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies.https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/3/e004032.full
spellingShingle Nicola Normanno
Fabiana Tatangelo
Piera Maiolino
Stefania Scala
Caterina Ieranò
Dario Righelli
Crescenzo D'Alterio
Maria Napolitano
Luigi Portella
Giuseppina Rea
Federica Auletta
Sara Santagata
Anna Maria Trotta
Giuseppe Guardascione
Federica Liotti
Nella Prevete
Antonio Luciano
Antonio Barbieri
Annabella Di Mauro
Cristin Roma
Riziero Esposito Abate
Roberto Pacelli
Rosa Marina Melillo
In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
title In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
title_full In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
title_fullStr In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
title_full_unstemmed In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
title_short In PD-1+ human colon cancer cells NIVOLUMAB promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
title_sort in pd 1 human colon cancer cells nivolumab promotes survival and could protect tumor cells from conventional therapies
url https://jitc.bmj.com/content/10/3/e004032.full
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