Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of Brucellosis
Brucellosis is a febrile zoonotic disease caused by one of several species of the Gram-negative coccobacillus Brucella. It is endemic to the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and Central America. However, cases have also been reported in the United States. Infection is most commonly transmitted via u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Case Reports in Infectious Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2067570 |
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| author | Carina Chang Bryce D. Beutler Mark B. Ulanja Chukwudum Uche Milan Zdrnja |
| author_facet | Carina Chang Bryce D. Beutler Mark B. Ulanja Chukwudum Uche Milan Zdrnja |
| author_sort | Carina Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brucellosis is a febrile zoonotic disease caused by one of several species of the Gram-negative coccobacillus Brucella. It is endemic to the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and Central America. However, cases have also been reported in the United States. Infection is most commonly transmitted via unpasteurized dairy products or through occupational exposure to livestock. The clinical presentation is highly variable; symptoms may include fever, myalgias, night sweats, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Less common features include orchitis, osteomyelitis, and sacroiliitis. In addition, pregnant women who contract brucellosis face a markedly increased risk of miscarriage. A presumptive diagnosis is typically established through correlation of patient history and classic laboratory findings, which include transaminitis, anemia, and leukopenia with relative lymphocytosis. Definitive diagnosis can only be established through isolation of Brucella species from blood or tissues. Treatment involves a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics; six weeks of combination therapy with aminoglycoside or rifampin and tetracycline represents the most common regimen. Healthy individuals who develop brucellosis have a generally favorable prognosis, as the case fatality rate is less than 2%. Nevertheless, early detection and treatment are essential to reduce the risk of long-term sequelae that may result from chronic, indolent disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b1b7a7894df241bb9c7c212c64de7ba8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-6625 2090-6633 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Reports in Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-b1b7a7894df241bb9c7c212c64de7ba82025-02-03T01:28:18ZengWileyCase Reports in Infectious Diseases2090-66252090-66332021-01-01202110.1155/2021/20675702067570Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of BrucellosisCarina Chang0Bryce D. Beutler1Mark B. Ulanja2Chukwudum Uche3Milan Zdrnja4HCA Healthcare-Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education, Nashville, TN, USAUniversity of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USAUniversity of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Reno, NV, USAHCA Healthcare-Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education, Nashville, TN, USAHCA Healthcare-Sunrise Health Graduate Medical Education, Nashville, TN, USABrucellosis is a febrile zoonotic disease caused by one of several species of the Gram-negative coccobacillus Brucella. It is endemic to the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and Central America. However, cases have also been reported in the United States. Infection is most commonly transmitted via unpasteurized dairy products or through occupational exposure to livestock. The clinical presentation is highly variable; symptoms may include fever, myalgias, night sweats, weight loss, nausea, and vomiting. Less common features include orchitis, osteomyelitis, and sacroiliitis. In addition, pregnant women who contract brucellosis face a markedly increased risk of miscarriage. A presumptive diagnosis is typically established through correlation of patient history and classic laboratory findings, which include transaminitis, anemia, and leukopenia with relative lymphocytosis. Definitive diagnosis can only be established through isolation of Brucella species from blood or tissues. Treatment involves a prolonged course of multiple antibiotics; six weeks of combination therapy with aminoglycoside or rifampin and tetracycline represents the most common regimen. Healthy individuals who develop brucellosis have a generally favorable prognosis, as the case fatality rate is less than 2%. Nevertheless, early detection and treatment are essential to reduce the risk of long-term sequelae that may result from chronic, indolent disease.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2067570 |
| spellingShingle | Carina Chang Bryce D. Beutler Mark B. Ulanja Chukwudum Uche Milan Zdrnja Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of Brucellosis Case Reports in Infectious Diseases |
| title | Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of Brucellosis |
| title_full | Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of Brucellosis |
| title_fullStr | Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of Brucellosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of Brucellosis |
| title_short | Brucellosis Presenting with Febrile Pancytopenia: An Atypical Presentation of a Common Disease and Review of Brucellosis |
| title_sort | brucellosis presenting with febrile pancytopenia an atypical presentation of a common disease and review of brucellosis |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2067570 |
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