Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in China
Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus of significant veterinary importance, induces severe watery diarrhea and dehydration in swine populations, with mortality rates approaching 100% in neonatal piglets. Among PEDV variants, S-INDEL strains have drawn incre...
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| Format: | Article |
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BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Animal Diseases |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-025-00174-x |
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| author | Guangli Hu Qixiang Kang Zehuan Luo Rui Geng Zhiqing Zhao Ouyang Peng Chuangchao Zou Shouhua Feng Yongchang Cao Hanqin Shen Hao Zhang |
| author_facet | Guangli Hu Qixiang Kang Zehuan Luo Rui Geng Zhiqing Zhao Ouyang Peng Chuangchao Zou Shouhua Feng Yongchang Cao Hanqin Shen Hao Zhang |
| author_sort | Guangli Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus of significant veterinary importance, induces severe watery diarrhea and dehydration in swine populations, with mortality rates approaching 100% in neonatal piglets. Among PEDV variants, S-INDEL strains have drawn increasing attention because of their genetic divergence and uncertain pathogenic potential in the field. In 2024, a novel S-INDEL PEDV strain, designated PEDV CH/JSHA2024, was isolated from intestinal samples of diarrheic piglets on a commercial swine farm in Jiangsu Province, China. Recombination analysis revealed that the spike (S) glycoprotein gene of this strain originated from genetic recombination between the Ch/HNLH/2015 and SQ2014 progenitor strains. Comparative genomic analysis with the prototype OH851 strain revealed multiple amino acid substitutions and insertions, including multiple amino acid substitutions and insertions within the S1 subunit, along with the absence of a conserved N-glycosylation site at position 114 (N114). The pathogenic potential of PEDV CH/JSHA2024 was assessed in pigs of different ages and maternal antibody levels. The strain caused 100% mortality in 1-day-old piglets (6/6), 50% mortality in 3-day-old piglets lacking maternal antibodies (3/6), and no mortality in 3-day-old piglets with maternal antibodies (0/6). In older animals, including 4-week-old weaned piglets and gilts, infection led to acute diarrhea and reduced feed intake but not fatality. Notably, high levels of serum IgA antibodies persisted for at least two months postinfection. These findings advance our understanding of coronavirus evolution through genetic recombination events. The establishment of this experimental model provides a valuable platform for elucidating the molecular determinants underlying S-INDEL strain pathogenesis, with particular implications for vaccine development and herd immunity strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b1b2c8fbe331499ca13396dae3a9a0b9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2731-0442 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animal Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-b1b2c8fbe331499ca13396dae3a9a0b92025-08-20T03:42:30ZengBMCAnimal Diseases2731-04422025-06-015111610.1186/s44149-025-00174-xCharacterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in ChinaGuangli Hu0Qixiang Kang1Zehuan Luo2Rui Geng3Zhiqing Zhao4Ouyang Peng5Chuangchao Zou6Shouhua Feng7Yongchang Cao8Hanqin Shen9Hao Zhang10State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityWen’s Food GroupState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Enterprise Key Laboratory of Healthy Animal Husbandry and Environment Control, Wen’s Foodstuff Group Co. Ltd.State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityAbstract Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus of significant veterinary importance, induces severe watery diarrhea and dehydration in swine populations, with mortality rates approaching 100% in neonatal piglets. Among PEDV variants, S-INDEL strains have drawn increasing attention because of their genetic divergence and uncertain pathogenic potential in the field. In 2024, a novel S-INDEL PEDV strain, designated PEDV CH/JSHA2024, was isolated from intestinal samples of diarrheic piglets on a commercial swine farm in Jiangsu Province, China. Recombination analysis revealed that the spike (S) glycoprotein gene of this strain originated from genetic recombination between the Ch/HNLH/2015 and SQ2014 progenitor strains. Comparative genomic analysis with the prototype OH851 strain revealed multiple amino acid substitutions and insertions, including multiple amino acid substitutions and insertions within the S1 subunit, along with the absence of a conserved N-glycosylation site at position 114 (N114). The pathogenic potential of PEDV CH/JSHA2024 was assessed in pigs of different ages and maternal antibody levels. The strain caused 100% mortality in 1-day-old piglets (6/6), 50% mortality in 3-day-old piglets lacking maternal antibodies (3/6), and no mortality in 3-day-old piglets with maternal antibodies (0/6). In older animals, including 4-week-old weaned piglets and gilts, infection led to acute diarrhea and reduced feed intake but not fatality. Notably, high levels of serum IgA antibodies persisted for at least two months postinfection. These findings advance our understanding of coronavirus evolution through genetic recombination events. The establishment of this experimental model provides a valuable platform for elucidating the molecular determinants underlying S-INDEL strain pathogenesis, with particular implications for vaccine development and herd immunity strategies.https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-025-00174-xPorcine epidemic diarrhea virusCoronavirusContinuous mutationPathogenicityIsolation |
| spellingShingle | Guangli Hu Qixiang Kang Zehuan Luo Rui Geng Zhiqing Zhao Ouyang Peng Chuangchao Zou Shouhua Feng Yongchang Cao Hanqin Shen Hao Zhang Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in China Animal Diseases Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Coronavirus Continuous mutation Pathogenicity Isolation |
| title | Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in China |
| title_full | Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in China |
| title_fullStr | Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in China |
| title_short | Characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 isolated in China |
| title_sort | characterization and pathogenic evaluation of a novel s indel pedv ch jsha2024 isolated in china |
| topic | Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Coronavirus Continuous mutation Pathogenicity Isolation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s44149-025-00174-x |
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