Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?

Abstract Background With the significant changes in dietary patterns, nutrition-related health issues such as overweight and obesity have become great challenges for public health in emerging economies. However, whether and how food availability could affect nutrition-related health is still unclear...

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Main Authors: Lixia Zhang, Shaoting Li, Laiwu Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23489-3
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author Lixia Zhang
Shaoting Li
Laiwu Zhang
author_facet Lixia Zhang
Shaoting Li
Laiwu Zhang
author_sort Lixia Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background With the significant changes in dietary patterns, nutrition-related health issues such as overweight and obesity have become great challenges for public health in emerging economies. However, whether and how food availability could affect nutrition-related health is still unclear. Methods The data set comprises 14,505 observations for 8,299 individuals from the 2009–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) of rural China. Panel regression models with Mundlak (MK) estimators are employed to evaluate the nutritional effect of food availability from five food outlets. Results Our findings indicate that the presence, quantity, and density of food outlets have a significant impact on body mass index (BMI) and the likelihood of being overweight. Notably, approximately 39.9% of the probability of being overweight can be attributed to food outlet density, with supermarkets exerting the most substantial influence. Additionally, the food outlet density of free markets and grocery stores has a significantly negative effect on the likelihood of being overweight. To further elucidate the mechanisms through which food availability influences nutritional outcomes, we assess diet quality and dietary knowledge. Our study reveals that food outlet density has a significant effect on the Diet Quality Distance of Dietary Balance Index (DBI-DQD), the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), and dietary knowledge. Conclusion This study reinforces the significant impact of food availability on nutrition-related health. Therefore, policies aimed at effectively improving nutrition-related health in rural China should focus on dynamically adjusting food outlet distribution, particularly supermarkets and grocery stores, enhancing diet quality and nutritional knowledge, and increasing overall food availability in these areas.
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spelling doaj-art-b19fc17ce4c447f19083cfee2f6c3a132025-08-20T03:04:21ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-07-0125111910.1186/s12889-025-23489-3Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?Lixia Zhang0Shaoting Li1Laiwu Zhang2College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F UniversityCollege of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F UniversitySix Industrial Research Institute, Northwest A&F UniversityAbstract Background With the significant changes in dietary patterns, nutrition-related health issues such as overweight and obesity have become great challenges for public health in emerging economies. However, whether and how food availability could affect nutrition-related health is still unclear. Methods The data set comprises 14,505 observations for 8,299 individuals from the 2009–2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) of rural China. Panel regression models with Mundlak (MK) estimators are employed to evaluate the nutritional effect of food availability from five food outlets. Results Our findings indicate that the presence, quantity, and density of food outlets have a significant impact on body mass index (BMI) and the likelihood of being overweight. Notably, approximately 39.9% of the probability of being overweight can be attributed to food outlet density, with supermarkets exerting the most substantial influence. Additionally, the food outlet density of free markets and grocery stores has a significantly negative effect on the likelihood of being overweight. To further elucidate the mechanisms through which food availability influences nutritional outcomes, we assess diet quality and dietary knowledge. Our study reveals that food outlet density has a significant effect on the Diet Quality Distance of Dietary Balance Index (DBI-DQD), the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI), and dietary knowledge. Conclusion This study reinforces the significant impact of food availability on nutrition-related health. Therefore, policies aimed at effectively improving nutrition-related health in rural China should focus on dynamically adjusting food outlet distribution, particularly supermarkets and grocery stores, enhancing diet quality and nutritional knowledge, and increasing overall food availability in these areas.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23489-3Food availabilityNutrition-related healthOverweightRural residentsChina
spellingShingle Lixia Zhang
Shaoting Li
Laiwu Zhang
Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?
BMC Public Health
Food availability
Nutrition-related health
Overweight
Rural residents
China
title Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?
title_full Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?
title_fullStr Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?
title_full_unstemmed Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?
title_short Does food availability affect nutrition-related health among rural residents in China?
title_sort does food availability affect nutrition related health among rural residents in china
topic Food availability
Nutrition-related health
Overweight
Rural residents
China
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23489-3
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