Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]

Background Underwater gliders are widely used in marine applications for monitoring purposes. These gliders must withstand hydrodynamic forces and maintain its body stability. The underwater environments are highly unpredictable, and small changes in the environment can lead to significant instabili...

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Main Authors: Srinivas G, Sudheendra Prabhu K
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2025-04-01
Series:F1000Research
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Online Access:https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1274/v2
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author Srinivas G
Sudheendra Prabhu K
author_facet Srinivas G
Sudheendra Prabhu K
author_sort Srinivas G
collection DOAJ
description Background Underwater gliders are widely used in marine applications for monitoring purposes. These gliders must withstand hydrodynamic forces and maintain its body stability. The underwater environments are highly unpredictable, and small changes in the environment can lead to significant instability in underwater vehicles. Methods This study uses different numerical techniques to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a torpedo-shaped glider. A symmetric torpedo-shaped glider model was created and analyzed using a licensed version of ANSYS 20.1 Fluent tool. The behavior of the torpedo glider under various flow conditions was examined such as variation of grid test, change of turbulent models, the variation in the inflow boundary conditions involves varying the velocity from 10.16 m/s to 15.16 m/s in 1m/s increment and from 10.16 m/s to 7.66 m/s in 0.5 m/s, also six different models were analyzed. Results Research was also attempted with different turbulent models and the Spalart-Allmara model was producing least validation error of 1.28 % with a primary focus on nose optimization. By varying the nose length, the study aimed to identify the best-suited nose geometry to minimize drag force. The nose lengths were varied to 0.205 m and 0.19m, resulting in validation errors of 2.81% and 1.16%, respectively, the results are clearly explained in the sub sequent sections of this article. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has evaluated various modifications and their impact on drag force reduction. The application of Spallart-Allmara model resulted in an improvement of 1.28%. Decrease in velocity lead to a significant reduction in the drag force, with an improvement of 37.3%. The nose optimization also contributed to drag force; a nose length of 0.205m yielded a 3.37% improvement. While a 0.19m nose length resulted in a 1.67% reduction. This study helps researchers in hydrodynamics by optimizing geometry for drag reduction.
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spelling doaj-art-b198c977dbc041908eb39e4c226951702025-08-20T02:13:07ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022025-04-011310.12688/f1000research.154040.2179622Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]Srinivas G0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9526-0371Sudheendra Prabhu K1Aeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi Karnataka, 576104, IndiaAeronautical & Automobile Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology (MIT), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Udupi Karnataka, 576104, IndiaBackground Underwater gliders are widely used in marine applications for monitoring purposes. These gliders must withstand hydrodynamic forces and maintain its body stability. The underwater environments are highly unpredictable, and small changes in the environment can lead to significant instability in underwater vehicles. Methods This study uses different numerical techniques to investigate the hydrodynamic characteristics of a torpedo-shaped glider. A symmetric torpedo-shaped glider model was created and analyzed using a licensed version of ANSYS 20.1 Fluent tool. The behavior of the torpedo glider under various flow conditions was examined such as variation of grid test, change of turbulent models, the variation in the inflow boundary conditions involves varying the velocity from 10.16 m/s to 15.16 m/s in 1m/s increment and from 10.16 m/s to 7.66 m/s in 0.5 m/s, also six different models were analyzed. Results Research was also attempted with different turbulent models and the Spalart-Allmara model was producing least validation error of 1.28 % with a primary focus on nose optimization. By varying the nose length, the study aimed to identify the best-suited nose geometry to minimize drag force. The nose lengths were varied to 0.205 m and 0.19m, resulting in validation errors of 2.81% and 1.16%, respectively, the results are clearly explained in the sub sequent sections of this article. Conclusion In conclusion, this study has evaluated various modifications and their impact on drag force reduction. The application of Spallart-Allmara model resulted in an improvement of 1.28%. Decrease in velocity lead to a significant reduction in the drag force, with an improvement of 37.3%. The nose optimization also contributed to drag force; a nose length of 0.205m yielded a 3.37% improvement. While a 0.19m nose length resulted in a 1.67% reduction. This study helps researchers in hydrodynamics by optimizing geometry for drag reduction.https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1274/v2Torpedo; Hydrodynamics; CFD; Underwater glider; Drag.eng
spellingShingle Srinivas G
Sudheendra Prabhu K
Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
F1000Research
Torpedo; Hydrodynamics; CFD; Underwater glider; Drag.
eng
title Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_full Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_fullStr Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_full_unstemmed Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_short Hydrodynamic Performance Enhancement of Torpedo-Shaped Underwater Gliders Using Numerical Techniques [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_sort hydrodynamic performance enhancement of torpedo shaped underwater gliders using numerical techniques version 2 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations 1 not approved
topic Torpedo; Hydrodynamics; CFD; Underwater glider; Drag.
eng
url https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1274/v2
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