Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi Arabia

Nasser Saeed Alqahtani Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Nasser Saeed Alqahtani, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966556353601, Email...

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Main Author: Alqahtani NS
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2025-08-01
Series:Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
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Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/assessing-vaccination-coverage-among-healthcare-workers-in-primary-hea-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHP
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description Nasser Saeed Alqahtani Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Nasser Saeed Alqahtani, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966556353601, Email Drnasser1000@hotmail.comBackground and Objective: Insufficient vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) contributes to nosocomial outbreaks and avoidable deaths. This study assesses vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in primary healthcare facilities and identifies contributing factors in Najran City, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2023 among healthcare workers (HCWs) at various healthcare facilities providing primary care. The study utilized a questionnaire developed in accordance with World Health Organization` (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, covering sociodemographic and medical characteristics, vaccination profiles (19 items), and evidence of vaccination status. A multistage sampling technique was employed to obtain a representative sample, involving random selection of HCWs from various categories (physicians, pharmacists, dentists, nurses, laboratory technicians, radiology technicians, and paramedics) and clustering willing participants from each facility type.Results: Among the 591 healthcare workers (HCWs), 57.7% were male and 45.8% were aged 31– 40 years. Vaccination compliance rates varied, with the highest rates observed for the third COVID-19 dose (86.3%), hepatitis B (81.2%), and influenza (78.3%), while the lowest rate was for Tdap during pregnancy (27.7%). Immunization documentation was primarily evidenced through vaccine records (67.5%), lab tests (51.8%), and disease confirmation (36.9%). In this study 70.9% partially, 19.1% fully vaccinated, and 10% unvaccinated. Regarding immunization documentation, 57% was partial, 15.7% complete, and 27.2% incomplete. Significant predictors of being unvaccinated included male sex (p=0.001), Saudi nationality (p=0.030), and technician/paramedic profession (p< 0.001). Additionally, HCWs experiencing burnout were more likely to be unvaccinated (p=0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that technicians/paramedics were 2.74 times more likely to be unvaccinated than physicians (AOR=2.743; 95% CI=1.140– 6.600; p=0.024).Conclusion: This study highlights significant gaps in vaccination coverage among HCWs, working at primary healthcare facilities with only 19.1% fully vaccinated. Factors such as male gender and burnout contribute to vaccine hesitancy. To address these gaps, future directions such as targeted educational interventions, burnout mitigation, mobile vaccination units, and awareness campaigns are recommended. Additionally, supportive measures to manage burnout are crucial for improving vaccination rates and protecting public health.Keywords: vaccination status, healthcare workers, vaccination hesitancy, vaccination coverage, evidence of immunization status, primary health care
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spelling doaj-art-b1902d4eb4124467afdfeb7232096af42025-08-20T03:40:25ZengDove Medical PressRisk Management and Healthcare Policy1179-15942025-08-01Volume 18Issue 126132625105655Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi ArabiaAlqahtani NS0Department of Family and Community MedicineNasser Saeed Alqahtani Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Nasser Saeed Alqahtani, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966556353601, Email Drnasser1000@hotmail.comBackground and Objective: Insufficient vaccination coverage among healthcare workers (HCWs) contributes to nosocomial outbreaks and avoidable deaths. This study assesses vaccine hesitancy among HCWs in primary healthcare facilities and identifies contributing factors in Najran City, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in August 2023 among healthcare workers (HCWs) at various healthcare facilities providing primary care. The study utilized a questionnaire developed in accordance with World Health Organization` (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines, covering sociodemographic and medical characteristics, vaccination profiles (19 items), and evidence of vaccination status. A multistage sampling technique was employed to obtain a representative sample, involving random selection of HCWs from various categories (physicians, pharmacists, dentists, nurses, laboratory technicians, radiology technicians, and paramedics) and clustering willing participants from each facility type.Results: Among the 591 healthcare workers (HCWs), 57.7% were male and 45.8% were aged 31– 40 years. Vaccination compliance rates varied, with the highest rates observed for the third COVID-19 dose (86.3%), hepatitis B (81.2%), and influenza (78.3%), while the lowest rate was for Tdap during pregnancy (27.7%). Immunization documentation was primarily evidenced through vaccine records (67.5%), lab tests (51.8%), and disease confirmation (36.9%). In this study 70.9% partially, 19.1% fully vaccinated, and 10% unvaccinated. Regarding immunization documentation, 57% was partial, 15.7% complete, and 27.2% incomplete. Significant predictors of being unvaccinated included male sex (p=0.001), Saudi nationality (p=0.030), and technician/paramedic profession (p< 0.001). Additionally, HCWs experiencing burnout were more likely to be unvaccinated (p=0.006). Multivariate analysis revealed that technicians/paramedics were 2.74 times more likely to be unvaccinated than physicians (AOR=2.743; 95% CI=1.140– 6.600; p=0.024).Conclusion: This study highlights significant gaps in vaccination coverage among HCWs, working at primary healthcare facilities with only 19.1% fully vaccinated. Factors such as male gender and burnout contribute to vaccine hesitancy. To address these gaps, future directions such as targeted educational interventions, burnout mitigation, mobile vaccination units, and awareness campaigns are recommended. Additionally, supportive measures to manage burnout are crucial for improving vaccination rates and protecting public health.Keywords: vaccination status, healthcare workers, vaccination hesitancy, vaccination coverage, evidence of immunization status, primary health carehttps://www.dovepress.com/assessing-vaccination-coverage-among-healthcare-workers-in-primary-hea-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHPVaccination statushealthcare workersvaccination hesitancyvaccination coverageevidence of immunization statusprimary health care
spellingShingle Alqahtani NS
Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
Vaccination status
healthcare workers
vaccination hesitancy
vaccination coverage
evidence of immunization status
primary health care
title Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
title_full Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
title_fullStr Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
title_short Assessing Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers in Primary Healthcare Facility in Najran City, Saudi Arabia
title_sort assessing vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in primary healthcare facility in najran city saudi arabia
topic Vaccination status
healthcare workers
vaccination hesitancy
vaccination coverage
evidence of immunization status
primary health care
url https://www.dovepress.com/assessing-vaccination-coverage-among-healthcare-workers-in-primary-hea-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-RMHP
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