HIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in Liberia

Abstract Background Increasingly, persons with HIV in Liberia are receiving antiretroviral therapy containing the integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) dolutegravir (DTG), but the prevalence of and factors associated with virologic failure and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) remain unknown. Method...

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Main Authors: James Soka Moses, Alice K. Pau, Safia Kuriakose, Greg Grandits, Cavan Reilly, Brad T. Sherman, Weizhong Chang, Lisheng Dai, Muhammad A. Khan, Helene Highbarger, Moses Mannah, Johnathan McCullough, Carla Chorley, Isaac Morlu, Joseph Dorbor, Ophelia Talweh Bongolee, Rebecca Slewion, Esther Akpa, Barthalomew Wilson, April L. Poole, Stacy L. Kopka, Tracey Miller, Cecelia J. Nuta, Christina Lindan, David Glidden, Jeffrey N. Martin, Kumblytee L. Johnson, Robin L. Dewar, Ian Wachekwa, Stephen A. Migueles
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00875-x
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author James Soka Moses
Alice K. Pau
Safia Kuriakose
Greg Grandits
Cavan Reilly
Brad T. Sherman
Weizhong Chang
Lisheng Dai
Muhammad A. Khan
Helene Highbarger
Moses Mannah
Johnathan McCullough
Carla Chorley
Isaac Morlu
Joseph Dorbor
Ophelia Talweh Bongolee
Rebecca Slewion
Esther Akpa
Barthalomew Wilson
April L. Poole
Stacy L. Kopka
Tracey Miller
Cecelia J. Nuta
Christina Lindan
David Glidden
Jeffrey N. Martin
Kumblytee L. Johnson
Robin L. Dewar
Ian Wachekwa
Stephen A. Migueles
author_facet James Soka Moses
Alice K. Pau
Safia Kuriakose
Greg Grandits
Cavan Reilly
Brad T. Sherman
Weizhong Chang
Lisheng Dai
Muhammad A. Khan
Helene Highbarger
Moses Mannah
Johnathan McCullough
Carla Chorley
Isaac Morlu
Joseph Dorbor
Ophelia Talweh Bongolee
Rebecca Slewion
Esther Akpa
Barthalomew Wilson
April L. Poole
Stacy L. Kopka
Tracey Miller
Cecelia J. Nuta
Christina Lindan
David Glidden
Jeffrey N. Martin
Kumblytee L. Johnson
Robin L. Dewar
Ian Wachekwa
Stephen A. Migueles
author_sort James Soka Moses
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Increasingly, persons with HIV in Liberia are receiving antiretroviral therapy containing the integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) dolutegravir (DTG), but the prevalence of and factors associated with virologic failure and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) remain unknown. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 2019–2022 enrolment data from 1276 persons with HIV in the HONOR cohort included sociodemographic information, plasma viral loads (pVL), CD4 counts, and HIVDR testing by next generation sequencing in participants with virologic failure (pVL≥1000 copies/mL). Results Of the 1201 participants with pVL results, 72% are female and median age is 42 (interquartile range [IQR] 35–50) years. All are on ART (median 6.1 [2.1–11] years): 74% on DTG-based and 23% on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens. Ninety (7.5%) had virologic failure; 970 (81%) are suppressed (<40 copies/mL). Virologic failure is less prevalent with DTG- versus NNRTI-based regimens (5.3% vs. 14%, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.5) and is associated with age <50 years, CD4 count <200 cells/µL, and hemoglobin <11 g/dL. In 70 participants with virologic failure and successful sequencing, HIVDR prevalence is 81% for any ARV, 5.7% for InSTIs, 79% for NNRTIs, and 61% for nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Intermediate-to-high resistance to ≥1 NRTI in current ART is less prevalent with DTG+2NRTIs than NNRTI+2NRTIs regimens (aPR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3–0.8). Conclusions Most participants in the cohort are virologically-suppressed. Among those with virologic failure, HIVDR prevalence is high to NRTIs and NNRTIs, but low to InSTIs. Ongoing evaluation is necessary to determine the durability of DTG-based ART.
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spelling doaj-art-b18ed67aa3304acd8c8da8d519f7c9792025-08-20T02:15:16ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Medicine2730-664X2025-05-015111010.1038/s43856-025-00875-xHIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in LiberiaJames Soka Moses0Alice K. Pau1Safia Kuriakose2Greg Grandits3Cavan Reilly4Brad T. Sherman5Weizhong Chang6Lisheng Dai7Muhammad A. Khan8Helene Highbarger9Moses Mannah10Johnathan McCullough11Carla Chorley12Isaac Morlu13Joseph Dorbor14Ophelia Talweh Bongolee15Rebecca Slewion16Esther Akpa17Barthalomew Wilson18April L. Poole19Stacy L. Kopka20Tracey Miller21Cecelia J. Nuta22Christina Lindan23David Glidden24Jeffrey N. Martin25Kumblytee L. Johnson26Robin L. Dewar27Ian Wachekwa28Stephen A. Migueles29Partnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public health, University of MinnesotaDivision of Biostatistics, School of Public health, University of MinnesotaFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchFrederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchPartnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)Advanced BioMedical Laboratories, LLCClinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate (CMRPD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchPartnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)Partnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)Partnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)Partnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate (CMRPD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchPartnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate (CMRPD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchClinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate (CMRPD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchJohn F. Kennedy Medical CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoUniversity of California San FranciscoUniversity of California San FranciscoPartnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer ResearchPartnership for Research on Vaccines & Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH)Abstract Background Increasingly, persons with HIV in Liberia are receiving antiretroviral therapy containing the integrase strand-transfer inhibitor (InSTI) dolutegravir (DTG), but the prevalence of and factors associated with virologic failure and HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) remain unknown. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of 2019–2022 enrolment data from 1276 persons with HIV in the HONOR cohort included sociodemographic information, plasma viral loads (pVL), CD4 counts, and HIVDR testing by next generation sequencing in participants with virologic failure (pVL≥1000 copies/mL). Results Of the 1201 participants with pVL results, 72% are female and median age is 42 (interquartile range [IQR] 35–50) years. All are on ART (median 6.1 [2.1–11] years): 74% on DTG-based and 23% on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)-based regimens. Ninety (7.5%) had virologic failure; 970 (81%) are suppressed (<40 copies/mL). Virologic failure is less prevalent with DTG- versus NNRTI-based regimens (5.3% vs. 14%, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR]=0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.5) and is associated with age <50 years, CD4 count <200 cells/µL, and hemoglobin <11 g/dL. In 70 participants with virologic failure and successful sequencing, HIVDR prevalence is 81% for any ARV, 5.7% for InSTIs, 79% for NNRTIs, and 61% for nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Intermediate-to-high resistance to ≥1 NRTI in current ART is less prevalent with DTG+2NRTIs than NNRTI+2NRTIs regimens (aPR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3–0.8). Conclusions Most participants in the cohort are virologically-suppressed. Among those with virologic failure, HIVDR prevalence is high to NRTIs and NNRTIs, but low to InSTIs. Ongoing evaluation is necessary to determine the durability of DTG-based ART.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00875-x
spellingShingle James Soka Moses
Alice K. Pau
Safia Kuriakose
Greg Grandits
Cavan Reilly
Brad T. Sherman
Weizhong Chang
Lisheng Dai
Muhammad A. Khan
Helene Highbarger
Moses Mannah
Johnathan McCullough
Carla Chorley
Isaac Morlu
Joseph Dorbor
Ophelia Talweh Bongolee
Rebecca Slewion
Esther Akpa
Barthalomew Wilson
April L. Poole
Stacy L. Kopka
Tracey Miller
Cecelia J. Nuta
Christina Lindan
David Glidden
Jeffrey N. Martin
Kumblytee L. Johnson
Robin L. Dewar
Ian Wachekwa
Stephen A. Migueles
HIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in Liberia
Communications Medicine
title HIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in Liberia
title_full HIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in Liberia
title_fullStr HIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in Liberia
title_full_unstemmed HIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in Liberia
title_short HIV-1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral-experienced people with HIV in Liberia
title_sort hiv 1 suppression and rare dolutegravir resistance in antiretroviral experienced people with hiv in liberia
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43856-025-00875-x
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