Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engine
Charge dilution strategies, such as exhaust gas recirculation and lean-burn operation, enhance internal combustion engine (ICE) efficiency and reduce NOx emissions. However, strong charge dilution can lead to cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) and misfires. In-cylinder aerodynamics significantly influen...
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Elsevier
2025-10-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011074 |
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| author | Linus Engelmann Jongkwon Lee Bok Jik Lee Jiho Kim |
| author_facet | Linus Engelmann Jongkwon Lee Bok Jik Lee Jiho Kim |
| author_sort | Linus Engelmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Charge dilution strategies, such as exhaust gas recirculation and lean-burn operation, enhance internal combustion engine (ICE) efficiency and reduce NOx emissions. However, strong charge dilution can lead to cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) and misfires. In-cylinder aerodynamics significantly influence flow evolution and mixture formation, introducing variation in governing flow variables. This study investigates flow and mixture states during ignition and their impact on flame propagation using multi-cycle Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine. Special focus is given to flow phenomena near the spark plug. Flow fields and equivalence ratios are compared across fast, slow, and misfire cycles during compression to assess differences in flow evolution and mixture formation. Key characteristics, including spark gap velocities, turbulent kinetic energy, and equivalence ratios, are analyzed at the spark plug during ignition. Analysis of the tumble flow evolution shows high tumble intensity in both propagating and misfire cycles; however, in fast cycles, a marked reduction is observed toward the end of compression. Mixture evolution indicates leaner conditions in misfire and slow cycles. At the spark plug location, misfire cycles exhibit the highest flow velocities but the lowest turbulent kinetic energies, whereas fast cycles show the inverse behavior.Spray influence on tumble formation is examined, revealing differences in spray cone characteristics and penetration. Misfire cycles exhibit slightly lower penetration depths than fired cycles. These findings provide insights into mitigating misfire in lean-burn DISI engines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b18d01476e4f4bb3a2536b3e3b0c8599 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2214-157X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Thermal Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-b18d01476e4f4bb3a2536b3e3b0c85992025-08-20T04:03:25ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2025-10-017410684710.1016/j.csite.2025.106847Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engineLinus Engelmann0Jongkwon Lee1Bok Jik Lee2Jiho Kim3Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Brain Korea 21 Interdisciplinary Knowledge based Training Program for Creative and Innovative Aerospace Engineers, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Advanced Aerospace Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author at: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.Electrified Propulsion Thermo-Fluid CAE Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Gyeonggi 18280, Republic of KoreaCharge dilution strategies, such as exhaust gas recirculation and lean-burn operation, enhance internal combustion engine (ICE) efficiency and reduce NOx emissions. However, strong charge dilution can lead to cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) and misfires. In-cylinder aerodynamics significantly influence flow evolution and mixture formation, introducing variation in governing flow variables. This study investigates flow and mixture states during ignition and their impact on flame propagation using multi-cycle Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition (DISI) engine. Special focus is given to flow phenomena near the spark plug. Flow fields and equivalence ratios are compared across fast, slow, and misfire cycles during compression to assess differences in flow evolution and mixture formation. Key characteristics, including spark gap velocities, turbulent kinetic energy, and equivalence ratios, are analyzed at the spark plug during ignition. Analysis of the tumble flow evolution shows high tumble intensity in both propagating and misfire cycles; however, in fast cycles, a marked reduction is observed toward the end of compression. Mixture evolution indicates leaner conditions in misfire and slow cycles. At the spark plug location, misfire cycles exhibit the highest flow velocities but the lowest turbulent kinetic energies, whereas fast cycles show the inverse behavior.Spray influence on tumble formation is examined, revealing differences in spray cone characteristics and penetration. Misfire cycles exhibit slightly lower penetration depths than fired cycles. These findings provide insights into mitigating misfire in lean-burn DISI engines.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011074Internal combustion enginesCycle-to-cycle variationsMisfiringLarge-Eddy simulation |
| spellingShingle | Linus Engelmann Jongkwon Lee Bok Jik Lee Jiho Kim Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engine Case Studies in Thermal Engineering Internal combustion engines Cycle-to-cycle variations Misfiring Large-Eddy simulation |
| title | Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engine |
| title_full | Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engine |
| title_fullStr | Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engine |
| title_short | Numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean-burn direct-injection spark-ignition engine |
| title_sort | numerical analysis of misfire in an automotive lean burn direct injection spark ignition engine |
| topic | Internal combustion engines Cycle-to-cycle variations Misfiring Large-Eddy simulation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X25011074 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT linusengelmann numericalanalysisofmisfireinanautomotiveleanburndirectinjectionsparkignitionengine AT jongkwonlee numericalanalysisofmisfireinanautomotiveleanburndirectinjectionsparkignitionengine AT bokjiklee numericalanalysisofmisfireinanautomotiveleanburndirectinjectionsparkignitionengine AT jihokim numericalanalysisofmisfireinanautomotiveleanburndirectinjectionsparkignitionengine |