Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of Biocide, containing silicon tetrahedrons and organic acids, on growth performance, feed utilization, immune response, and oxidative status in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (initial weight: 3.55 ± 0.01 g) wer...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89042-9 |
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| author | Asmaa S. Abd El-Naby Amel M. El Asely Mona N. Hussein Abd El-Rahman A. Khattaby Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela |
| author_facet | Asmaa S. Abd El-Naby Amel M. El Asely Mona N. Hussein Abd El-Rahman A. Khattaby Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela |
| author_sort | Asmaa S. Abd El-Naby |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study evaluated the effects of Biocide, containing silicon tetrahedrons and organic acids, on growth performance, feed utilization, immune response, and oxidative status in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (initial weight: 3.55 ± 0.01 g) were distributed across 15 tanks and fed diets containing 0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g kg⁻¹ Biocide for 90 days, with three replicate tanks per treatment. Biocide is enriched with organic acids (fumaric acid and citric acid) and amino acids (glutamine, tyrosine, methionine, serine, and threonine). Fish fed Biocide-supplemented diets demonstrated significantly improved growth performance, with the highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio observed in the 1 g kg⁻¹ group. Survival rates did not differ significantly among treatments. Whole-body crude protein content peaked in the 1 g kg⁻¹ group, while moisture, lipid, and ash contents remained unchanged. Hematological parameters, including red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume, improved significantly. Serum lipid profiles showed reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels, alongside increased high-density lipoprotein levels, particularly in the 1 g kg⁻¹ group. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and total antioxidant capacity were significantly elevated in the liver and intestine, while malondialdehyde levels decreased. Digestive enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and protease) were markedly enhanced. Histopathological analysis revealed improved liver, stomach, and intestinal morphology, including increased mucous secretion and enhanced intestinal villi structure, in fish fed 1 g kg⁻¹ Biocide. In conclusion, Biocide supplementation, particularly at 1 g kg⁻¹, significantly improved growth performance, feed utilization, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia. Notably, the findings highlight Biocide’s primary mode of action on gut health, underscoring its potential as a dietary additive for improving aquaculture productivity. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b18a305697d24e15b68265a103609b79 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-b18a305697d24e15b68265a103609b792025-08-20T02:48:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-89042-9Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)Asmaa S. Abd El-Naby0Amel M. El Asely1Mona N. Hussein2Abd El-Rahman A. Khattaby3Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela4Fish Nutrition Department, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research CenterDepartment of Aquatic Animals Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityDepartment of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha UniversityDepartment of production and Aquaculture systems, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research Centre, Agriculture Research CentreGenetics and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez UniversityAbstract This study evaluated the effects of Biocide, containing silicon tetrahedrons and organic acids, on growth performance, feed utilization, immune response, and oxidative status in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 300 Nile tilapia fingerlings (initial weight: 3.55 ± 0.01 g) were distributed across 15 tanks and fed diets containing 0.0 (control), 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g kg⁻¹ Biocide for 90 days, with three replicate tanks per treatment. Biocide is enriched with organic acids (fumaric acid and citric acid) and amino acids (glutamine, tyrosine, methionine, serine, and threonine). Fish fed Biocide-supplemented diets demonstrated significantly improved growth performance, with the highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio observed in the 1 g kg⁻¹ group. Survival rates did not differ significantly among treatments. Whole-body crude protein content peaked in the 1 g kg⁻¹ group, while moisture, lipid, and ash contents remained unchanged. Hematological parameters, including red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume, improved significantly. Serum lipid profiles showed reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and very-low-density lipoprotein levels, alongside increased high-density lipoprotein levels, particularly in the 1 g kg⁻¹ group. Antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and total antioxidant capacity were significantly elevated in the liver and intestine, while malondialdehyde levels decreased. Digestive enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and protease) were markedly enhanced. Histopathological analysis revealed improved liver, stomach, and intestinal morphology, including increased mucous secretion and enhanced intestinal villi structure, in fish fed 1 g kg⁻¹ Biocide. In conclusion, Biocide supplementation, particularly at 1 g kg⁻¹, significantly improved growth performance, feed utilization, immune function, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia. Notably, the findings highlight Biocide’s primary mode of action on gut health, underscoring its potential as a dietary additive for improving aquaculture productivity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89042-9Feed additivesGrowth performanceGut healthOrganic acidsNatural clayNile tilapia |
| spellingShingle | Asmaa S. Abd El-Naby Amel M. El Asely Mona N. Hussein Abd El-Rahman A. Khattaby Haitham G. Abo-Al-Ela Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Scientific Reports Feed additives Growth performance Gut health Organic acids Natural clay Nile tilapia |
| title | Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_full | Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_fullStr | Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_short | Impact of dietary Biocide clay on growth, physiological status, and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) |
| title_sort | impact of dietary biocide clay on growth physiological status and histological indicators of the liver and digestive tract in nile tilapia oreochromis niloticus |
| topic | Feed additives Growth performance Gut health Organic acids Natural clay Nile tilapia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89042-9 |
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