A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population
Background: Cognitive models emphasise that source monitoring, top-down processes, and inhibitory control are mechanisms of perceptual anomalies, particularly auditory hallucinations (AHs) and hallucinatory-like experiences (HLEs). Nonetheless, limited research integrates clinical and non-clinical p...
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X25000100 |
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| author | Adrianna Aleksandrowicz Joachim Kowalski Steffen Moritz Izabela Stefaniak Łukasz Gawęda |
| author_facet | Adrianna Aleksandrowicz Joachim Kowalski Steffen Moritz Izabela Stefaniak Łukasz Gawęda |
| author_sort | Adrianna Aleksandrowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Cognitive models emphasise that source monitoring, top-down processes, and inhibitory control are mechanisms of perceptual anomalies, particularly auditory hallucinations (AHs) and hallucinatory-like experiences (HLEs). Nonetheless, limited research integrates clinical and non-clinical perceptual anomalies to examine these cognitive mechanisms and the connections between them. The present study aimed to investigate the role of three cognitive processes within the perceptual anomalies continuum. Moreover, the study examines the relationship between perceptual anomalies, cognitive processes, self-disturbances, and general functioning. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) were divided into two groups based on AHs presence - 46 with AHs and 43 - non-hallucinating, 43 matched healthy controls (HC), and a sample selected from the general population of 40 participants with high HLEs and 43 with low HLEs performed three experimental tasks assessing top-down processes (False Perception Task - FPT), source monitoring (Action Memory Task - AMT), and inhibitory control (Go/No-Go Task). Results: Both patient groups committed significantly more source monitoring errors and more false perceptions (after accounting for response bias) than HC, with no differences between SSD with AH vs SSD without current AH and high HLEs vs low HLEs. No significant group differences were found for false alarms in the Go/No-Go Task. However, there was a significant relationship between perceptual anomalies and all the cognitive processes as well as self-disturbances and functioning in the entire sample. Conclusions: This study sheds further light on the mechanisms and correlates of perceptual anomalies in clinical and non-clinical populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b186df8608bd4067831ef8e7317ed04f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0010-440X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Comprehensive Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj-art-b186df8608bd4067831ef8e7317ed04f2025-02-10T04:33:26ZengElsevierComprehensive Psychiatry0010-440X2025-04-01138152583A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general populationAdrianna Aleksandrowicz0Joachim Kowalski1Steffen Moritz2Izabela Stefaniak3Łukasz Gawęda4Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Corresponding authors at: Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland.Experimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, GermanyFaculty of Medicine, Lazarski University, Warsaw, PolandExperimental Psychopathology Lab, Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Corresponding authors at: Institute of Psychology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Jaracza 1, 00-378 Warsaw, Poland.Background: Cognitive models emphasise that source monitoring, top-down processes, and inhibitory control are mechanisms of perceptual anomalies, particularly auditory hallucinations (AHs) and hallucinatory-like experiences (HLEs). Nonetheless, limited research integrates clinical and non-clinical perceptual anomalies to examine these cognitive mechanisms and the connections between them. The present study aimed to investigate the role of three cognitive processes within the perceptual anomalies continuum. Moreover, the study examines the relationship between perceptual anomalies, cognitive processes, self-disturbances, and general functioning. Methods: Eighty-nine patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) were divided into two groups based on AHs presence - 46 with AHs and 43 - non-hallucinating, 43 matched healthy controls (HC), and a sample selected from the general population of 40 participants with high HLEs and 43 with low HLEs performed three experimental tasks assessing top-down processes (False Perception Task - FPT), source monitoring (Action Memory Task - AMT), and inhibitory control (Go/No-Go Task). Results: Both patient groups committed significantly more source monitoring errors and more false perceptions (after accounting for response bias) than HC, with no differences between SSD with AH vs SSD without current AH and high HLEs vs low HLEs. No significant group differences were found for false alarms in the Go/No-Go Task. However, there was a significant relationship between perceptual anomalies and all the cognitive processes as well as self-disturbances and functioning in the entire sample. Conclusions: This study sheds further light on the mechanisms and correlates of perceptual anomalies in clinical and non-clinical populations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X25000100Hallucination continuumPsychosisPsychotic-like experiencesCognitionPerception |
| spellingShingle | Adrianna Aleksandrowicz Joachim Kowalski Steffen Moritz Izabela Stefaniak Łukasz Gawęda A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population Comprehensive Psychiatry Hallucination continuum Psychosis Psychotic-like experiences Cognition Perception |
| title | A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population |
| title_full | A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population |
| title_fullStr | A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population |
| title_full_unstemmed | A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population |
| title_short | A cognitive model of perceptual anomalies: The role of source monitoring, top-down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory-like experiences in the general population |
| title_sort | cognitive model of perceptual anomalies the role of source monitoring top down influence and inhibitory processes for hallucinations in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and hallucinatory like experiences in the general population |
| topic | Hallucination continuum Psychosis Psychotic-like experiences Cognition Perception |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X25000100 |
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