Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection

This case series reports three patients initially managed for presumed infectious meningoencephalitis, who were ultimately diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD). Their clinical presentations were strikingly similar to those of acute infectious meningoencephali...

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Main Authors: Yihui Goh, Priscillia Pei Shi Lye, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, Derek Tuck Loong Soon, Nares Smitasin, Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong, Clement Hsiang Rong Yong, Yee Cheun Chan, David Tang, Kay Wei Ping Ng, Raymond Chee Seong Seet, Amy May Lin Quek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1516178/full
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author Yihui Goh
Priscillia Pei Shi Lye
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Derek Tuck Loong Soon
Derek Tuck Loong Soon
Nares Smitasin
Nares Smitasin
Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
Clement Hsiang Rong Yong
Clement Hsiang Rong Yong
Yee Cheun Chan
Yee Cheun Chan
David Tang
Kay Wei Ping Ng
Kay Wei Ping Ng
Raymond Chee Seong Seet
Raymond Chee Seong Seet
Amy May Lin Quek
Amy May Lin Quek
author_facet Yihui Goh
Priscillia Pei Shi Lye
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Derek Tuck Loong Soon
Derek Tuck Loong Soon
Nares Smitasin
Nares Smitasin
Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
Clement Hsiang Rong Yong
Clement Hsiang Rong Yong
Yee Cheun Chan
Yee Cheun Chan
David Tang
Kay Wei Ping Ng
Kay Wei Ping Ng
Raymond Chee Seong Seet
Raymond Chee Seong Seet
Amy May Lin Quek
Amy May Lin Quek
author_sort Yihui Goh
collection DOAJ
description This case series reports three patients initially managed for presumed infectious meningoencephalitis, who were ultimately diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD). Their clinical presentations were strikingly similar to those of acute infectious meningoencephalitis, which posed a challenge to the initial diagnostic process. Notably, despite the absence of typical radiological changes associated with MOGAD, such as cerebral cortical encephalitis, these patients exhibited focal neurological and electroencephalographic changes. This series highlights the importance of considering MOG antibody testing in cases of aseptic meningoencephalitis, where early and accurate diagnosis can influence treatment decisions and patient outcomes in this steroid-responsive condition.
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issn 1664-3224
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-b185d3cf6c2e4c689d857be28e8f78aa2025-08-20T03:10:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-02-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15161781516178Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infectionYihui Goh0Priscillia Pei Shi Lye1Paul Anantharajah Tambyah2Paul Anantharajah Tambyah3Paul Anantharajah Tambyah4Derek Tuck Loong Soon5Derek Tuck Loong Soon6Nares Smitasin7Nares Smitasin8Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong9Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong10Clement Hsiang Rong Yong11Clement Hsiang Rong Yong12Yee Cheun Chan13Yee Cheun Chan14David Tang15Kay Wei Ping Ng16Kay Wei Ping Ng17Raymond Chee Seong Seet18Raymond Chee Seong Seet19Amy May Lin Quek20Amy May Lin Quek21Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeInfectious Diseases Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Diagnostic Imaging, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, SingaporeThis case series reports three patients initially managed for presumed infectious meningoencephalitis, who were ultimately diagnosed with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein associated disease (MOGAD). Their clinical presentations were strikingly similar to those of acute infectious meningoencephalitis, which posed a challenge to the initial diagnostic process. Notably, despite the absence of typical radiological changes associated with MOGAD, such as cerebral cortical encephalitis, these patients exhibited focal neurological and electroencephalographic changes. This series highlights the importance of considering MOG antibody testing in cases of aseptic meningoencephalitis, where early and accurate diagnosis can influence treatment decisions and patient outcomes in this steroid-responsive condition.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1516178/fullMOGADMOG-IgGaseptic meningoencephalitiscerebral cortical encephalitisautoimmune
spellingShingle Yihui Goh
Priscillia Pei Shi Lye
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
Derek Tuck Loong Soon
Derek Tuck Loong Soon
Nares Smitasin
Nares Smitasin
Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
Jonathan Jia Yuan Ong
Clement Hsiang Rong Yong
Clement Hsiang Rong Yong
Yee Cheun Chan
Yee Cheun Chan
David Tang
Kay Wei Ping Ng
Kay Wei Ping Ng
Raymond Chee Seong Seet
Raymond Chee Seong Seet
Amy May Lin Quek
Amy May Lin Quek
Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection
Frontiers in Immunology
MOGAD
MOG-IgG
aseptic meningoencephalitis
cerebral cortical encephalitis
autoimmune
title Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection
title_full Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection
title_fullStr Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection
title_full_unstemmed Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection
title_short Case Report: MOGAD - a steroid-responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection
title_sort case report mogad a steroid responsive autoimmune meningoencephalitis mimicking infection
topic MOGAD
MOG-IgG
aseptic meningoencephalitis
cerebral cortical encephalitis
autoimmune
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1516178/full
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