TCR-based cellular immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: advances, challenges, and prospects

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally. However, current frontline treatment modalities fail to achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. In recent years, T-cell receptor (TCR)-T therapy has garnered increasing attention as a promising thera...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wanting Zeng, Wei Zhu, Guosheng Yuan, Jinzhang Chen, Zhanhui Wang, Jinlin Hou, De-Ke Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04122-z
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Summary:Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ranks among the most prevalent malignant tumors globally. However, current frontline treatment modalities fail to achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. In recent years, T-cell receptor (TCR)-T therapy has garnered increasing attention as a promising therapeutic approach. This review provides an overview of the epidemiology of HCC, evaluates the efficacy of current first-line treatment options, and introduces adoptive cellular therapies (ACTs), with a specific focus on TCR-T therapy. Notably, we categorize existing TCR-T research targeting different antigens for the treatment of HCC, covering both published literature and registered clinical trials. Furthermore, we discuss the limitations of current TCR-T research and applications, while offering insights into future research directions and development prospects. In summary, this review comprehensively examines the research progress on TCR-T therapy for HCC from the perspective of antigen targeting. Although several challenges remain to be addressed, we believe that TCR-T therapy represents a promising approach for the treatment of HCC.
ISSN:1432-0851