Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanization

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) harvesting efficiency and loss minimization are critical for the sustainability of this vital oilseed crop, with the header playing a decisive role. However, persistent challenges in reducing header losses, enhancing adaptability to diverse agro-conditions, and advan...

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Main Authors: Zhong Tang, Sheng Tai, Bin Li, Shiguo Wang, Yang Liu, Tiantian Jing, Xiaohu Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Smart Agricultural Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277237552500468X
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author Zhong Tang
Sheng Tai
Bin Li
Shiguo Wang
Yang Liu
Tiantian Jing
Xiaohu Guo
author_facet Zhong Tang
Sheng Tai
Bin Li
Shiguo Wang
Yang Liu
Tiantian Jing
Xiaohu Guo
author_sort Zhong Tang
collection DOAJ
description Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) harvesting efficiency and loss minimization are critical for the sustainability of this vital oilseed crop, with the header playing a decisive role. However, persistent challenges in reducing header losses, enhancing adaptability to diverse agro-conditions, and advancing intelligent mechanization impede optimal performance. This critical review synthesizes current knowledge on sunflower harvesting header technology, focusing on these key challenges. It systematically analyzes the evolution of header designs and the functional intricacies of core components—dividers, gathering units, cutting mechanisms, and conveying systems—with a particular emphasis on their inherent limitations and impact on loss generation and operational flexibility. The paper critically evaluates existing loss reduction strategies for kernel shattering, head dropping, and improper stalk handling, reframing them within a systems engineering (Harvesting-Machine-Environment-Crop) context and exploring the potential of Sense-Decide-Act intelligent control paradigms. Special attention is given to the difficulties faced in adapting current technologies to varied sunflower cultivars and complex farming scenarios, such as those prevalent in China. By identifying key technological bottlenecks and knowledge gaps, this review charts a clear path towards intelligent mechanization. It outlines future research priorities and technological advancements necessary for developing next-generation sunflower headers that are not only efficient and low-loss but also highly adaptable and intelligent, thereby addressing the pressing needs of the modern sunflower industry.
format Article
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issn 2772-3755
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publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-b1561759f34f48a28c4a8232db7bf3122025-08-20T02:47:10ZengElsevierSmart Agricultural Technology2772-37552025-12-011210123710.1016/j.atech.2025.101237Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanizationZhong Tang0Sheng Tai1Bin Li2Shiguo Wang3Yang Liu4Tiantian Jing5Xiaohu Guo6College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Key Laboratory Equipment of Modern Agricultural Equipment and Technology, Jiangsu University, Ministry of Education, China; Corresponding authors.College of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaXinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China; Corresponding authors.Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, ChinaXinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaCollege of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaSunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) harvesting efficiency and loss minimization are critical for the sustainability of this vital oilseed crop, with the header playing a decisive role. However, persistent challenges in reducing header losses, enhancing adaptability to diverse agro-conditions, and advancing intelligent mechanization impede optimal performance. This critical review synthesizes current knowledge on sunflower harvesting header technology, focusing on these key challenges. It systematically analyzes the evolution of header designs and the functional intricacies of core components—dividers, gathering units, cutting mechanisms, and conveying systems—with a particular emphasis on their inherent limitations and impact on loss generation and operational flexibility. The paper critically evaluates existing loss reduction strategies for kernel shattering, head dropping, and improper stalk handling, reframing them within a systems engineering (Harvesting-Machine-Environment-Crop) context and exploring the potential of Sense-Decide-Act intelligent control paradigms. Special attention is given to the difficulties faced in adapting current technologies to varied sunflower cultivars and complex farming scenarios, such as those prevalent in China. By identifying key technological bottlenecks and knowledge gaps, this review charts a clear path towards intelligent mechanization. It outlines future research priorities and technological advancements necessary for developing next-generation sunflower headers that are not only efficient and low-loss but also highly adaptable and intelligent, thereby addressing the pressing needs of the modern sunflower industry.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277237552500468XSunflower headerLoss reductionAdaptabilityIntelligent harvesting
spellingShingle Zhong Tang
Sheng Tai
Bin Li
Shiguo Wang
Yang Liu
Tiantian Jing
Xiaohu Guo
Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanization
Smart Agricultural Technology
Sunflower header
Loss reduction
Adaptability
Intelligent harvesting
title Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanization
title_full Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanization
title_fullStr Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanization
title_full_unstemmed Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanization
title_short Critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology: Loss reduction, adaptability, and intelligent mechanization
title_sort critical review of sunflower harvesting header technology loss reduction adaptability and intelligent mechanization
topic Sunflower header
Loss reduction
Adaptability
Intelligent harvesting
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277237552500468X
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