Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar

Biochar has significant potential for livestock microbiomes and crop agriculture regarding greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Therefore, a pilot study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar application on the surface of swine manure from an open lagoon and the associated microbial commun...

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Main Authors: A. Nathan Frazier, William Willis, Heather Robbe, Anna Ortiz, Jacek A. Koziel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/758
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author A. Nathan Frazier
William Willis
Heather Robbe
Anna Ortiz
Jacek A. Koziel
author_facet A. Nathan Frazier
William Willis
Heather Robbe
Anna Ortiz
Jacek A. Koziel
author_sort A. Nathan Frazier
collection DOAJ
description Biochar has significant potential for livestock microbiomes and crop agriculture regarding greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Therefore, a pilot study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar application on the surface of swine manure from an open lagoon and the associated microbial communities. Samples were collected from four different treatment groups: control (<i>n</i> = 4), coarse biochar (<i>n</i> = 4), fine biochar (<i>n</i> = 4), and ultra-fine biochar (<i>n</i> = 4). Additionally, aged manure in bulk was collected (<i>n</i> = 4) to assess alterations from the control group. The method of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing along with microbial analyses was performed. Diversity was significantly different between aged manure in bulk samples and all treatment groups (Kruskal–Wallis; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, distinct community compositions were seen using both weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance matrices (PERMANOVA; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Differential abundance analysis revealed four distinct features within all treatment groups that were enriched (q < 0.001): <i>Idiomarina</i> spp., <i>Geovibrio thiophilus</i>, <i>Parapusillimonas granuli</i>, and an uncultured Gammaproteobacteria species. Similarly, <i>Comamonas</i> spp. and <i>Brumimicrobium aurantiacum</i> (q-value < 0.001) were significantly depleted by all the treatments. Stochastic and functional analyses revealed that biochar treatments were not deterministically altering assembly patterns, and functional redundancy was evident regardless of compositional shifts.
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spelling doaj-art-b15272efdc9a49ba9bbda98bcb1ba2472025-08-20T02:18:20ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-03-0113475810.3390/microorganisms13040758Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with BiocharA. Nathan Frazier0William Willis1Heather Robbe2Anna Ortiz3Jacek A. Koziel4United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Bushland, TX 79012, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Bushland, TX 79012, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Bushland, TX 79012, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Bushland, TX 79012, USAUnited States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Bushland, TX 79012, USABiochar has significant potential for livestock microbiomes and crop agriculture regarding greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Therefore, a pilot study was designed to investigate the effect of biochar application on the surface of swine manure from an open lagoon and the associated microbial communities. Samples were collected from four different treatment groups: control (<i>n</i> = 4), coarse biochar (<i>n</i> = 4), fine biochar (<i>n</i> = 4), and ultra-fine biochar (<i>n</i> = 4). Additionally, aged manure in bulk was collected (<i>n</i> = 4) to assess alterations from the control group. The method of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing along with microbial analyses was performed. Diversity was significantly different between aged manure in bulk samples and all treatment groups (Kruskal–Wallis; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, distinct community compositions were seen using both weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance matrices (PERMANOVA; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Differential abundance analysis revealed four distinct features within all treatment groups that were enriched (q < 0.001): <i>Idiomarina</i> spp., <i>Geovibrio thiophilus</i>, <i>Parapusillimonas granuli</i>, and an uncultured Gammaproteobacteria species. Similarly, <i>Comamonas</i> spp. and <i>Brumimicrobium aurantiacum</i> (q-value < 0.001) were significantly depleted by all the treatments. Stochastic and functional analyses revealed that biochar treatments were not deterministically altering assembly patterns, and functional redundancy was evident regardless of compositional shifts.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/758ammoniabiochargreenhouse gas emissionsmicrobial ecologyswine manure
spellingShingle A. Nathan Frazier
William Willis
Heather Robbe
Anna Ortiz
Jacek A. Koziel
Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar
Microorganisms
ammonia
biochar
greenhouse gas emissions
microbial ecology
swine manure
title Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar
title_full Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar
title_fullStr Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar
title_full_unstemmed Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar
title_short Characterization and Assembly Dynamics of the Microbiome Associated with Swine Anaerobic Lagoon Manure Treated with Biochar
title_sort characterization and assembly dynamics of the microbiome associated with swine anaerobic lagoon manure treated with biochar
topic ammonia
biochar
greenhouse gas emissions
microbial ecology
swine manure
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/4/758
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