A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images
Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge, but invasive renal biopsies, the gold standard for diagnosis and prognosis, are often clinically constrained. To address this, we developed the kidney intelligent diagnosis system (KIDS), a noninvasive model for renal biopsy predict...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
|
| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62273-0 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849332400475078656 |
|---|---|
| author | Qianni Wu Jianbo Li Lanqin Zhao Dong Liu Jingyi Wen Yunuo Wang Yiqin Wang Naya Huang Lanping Jiang Qinghua Liu Hanming Lin Pengxia Wan Shicong Yang Wenfang Chen Hongjian Ye Mohammed Haji Rashid Hassan Ahmed Hassan Nur Zefang Dai Jie Guo Shanshan Zhou Jianwen Yu Weixing Zhang Wenben Chen Ruiyang Li Wai Cheng Iao Juan-juan Feng Yan Wang Hua Hong Peihong Yin Qing Ye Chao Xie Min Zhu Xiaoyi Liu Yaozhong Kong Jie Wang Ruiying Ma Yu Xiao Guoguang Chen Rongguo Fu Yuhe Ke Jasmine Ong Chiat Ling Charumathi Sabanayagam Daniel Shu Wei Ting Kar Keung Cheng Duoru Lin Wei Chen Haotian Lin |
| author_facet | Qianni Wu Jianbo Li Lanqin Zhao Dong Liu Jingyi Wen Yunuo Wang Yiqin Wang Naya Huang Lanping Jiang Qinghua Liu Hanming Lin Pengxia Wan Shicong Yang Wenfang Chen Hongjian Ye Mohammed Haji Rashid Hassan Ahmed Hassan Nur Zefang Dai Jie Guo Shanshan Zhou Jianwen Yu Weixing Zhang Wenben Chen Ruiyang Li Wai Cheng Iao Juan-juan Feng Yan Wang Hua Hong Peihong Yin Qing Ye Chao Xie Min Zhu Xiaoyi Liu Yaozhong Kong Jie Wang Ruiying Ma Yu Xiao Guoguang Chen Rongguo Fu Yuhe Ke Jasmine Ong Chiat Ling Charumathi Sabanayagam Daniel Shu Wei Ting Kar Keung Cheng Duoru Lin Wei Chen Haotian Lin |
| author_sort | Qianni Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge, but invasive renal biopsies, the gold standard for diagnosis and prognosis, are often clinically constrained. To address this, we developed the kidney intelligent diagnosis system (KIDS), a noninvasive model for renal biopsy prediction using 13,144 retinal images from 6773 participants. The KIDS achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.839–0.993 for CKD screening and accurately identifies the five most common pathological types (AUC: 0.790–0.932) in a multicenter and multi-ethnic validation, outperforming nephrologists by 26.98% in accuracy. Additionally, the KIDS further predicts disease progression based on pathological classification. Given its flexible strategy, the KIDS can be adapted to local conditions to provide a tailored tool for patients. This noninvasive model has the potential to improve CKD clinical management, particularly for those who are ineligible for biopsies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b148bb92f3ce498ea9b48f6ad96f1777 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-b148bb92f3ce498ea9b48f6ad96f17772025-08-20T03:46:12ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111510.1038/s41467-025-62273-0A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal imagesQianni Wu0Jianbo Li1Lanqin Zhao2Dong Liu3Jingyi Wen4Yunuo Wang5Yiqin Wang6Naya Huang7Lanping Jiang8Qinghua Liu9Hanming Lin10Pengxia Wan11Shicong Yang12Wenfang Chen13Hongjian Ye14Mohammed Haji Rashid Hassan15Ahmed Hassan Nur16Zefang Dai17Jie Guo18Shanshan Zhou19Jianwen Yu20Weixing Zhang21Wenben Chen22Ruiyang Li23Wai Cheng Iao24Juan-juan Feng25Yan Wang26Hua Hong27Peihong Yin28Qing Ye29Chao Xie30Min Zhu31Xiaoyi Liu32Yaozhong Kong33Jie Wang34Ruiying Ma35Yu Xiao36Guoguang Chen37Rongguo Fu38Yuhe Ke39Jasmine Ong Chiat Ling40Charumathi Sabanayagam41Daniel Shu Wei Ting42Kar Keung Cheng43Duoru Lin44Wei Chen45Haotian Lin46State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityBanadir HospitalBanadir HospitalDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of KashiDepartment of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of KashiDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesHealth Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityHealth Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityHealth Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan City People’s HospitalDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan City People’s HospitalThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanThe First People’s Hospital of FoshanDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesDepartment of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for NationalitiesDepartment of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine InstituteDepartment of Nephrology, Second Affiliated hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Anesthesiology, Singapore General HospitalDuke-NUS Medical SchoolOphthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical SchoolDuke-NUS Medical SchoolInstitute of Applied Health Research, University of BirminghamState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesDepartment of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular DiseasesAbstract Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health challenge, but invasive renal biopsies, the gold standard for diagnosis and prognosis, are often clinically constrained. To address this, we developed the kidney intelligent diagnosis system (KIDS), a noninvasive model for renal biopsy prediction using 13,144 retinal images from 6773 participants. The KIDS achieves an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.839–0.993 for CKD screening and accurately identifies the five most common pathological types (AUC: 0.790–0.932) in a multicenter and multi-ethnic validation, outperforming nephrologists by 26.98% in accuracy. Additionally, the KIDS further predicts disease progression based on pathological classification. Given its flexible strategy, the KIDS can be adapted to local conditions to provide a tailored tool for patients. This noninvasive model has the potential to improve CKD clinical management, particularly for those who are ineligible for biopsies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62273-0 |
| spellingShingle | Qianni Wu Jianbo Li Lanqin Zhao Dong Liu Jingyi Wen Yunuo Wang Yiqin Wang Naya Huang Lanping Jiang Qinghua Liu Hanming Lin Pengxia Wan Shicong Yang Wenfang Chen Hongjian Ye Mohammed Haji Rashid Hassan Ahmed Hassan Nur Zefang Dai Jie Guo Shanshan Zhou Jianwen Yu Weixing Zhang Wenben Chen Ruiyang Li Wai Cheng Iao Juan-juan Feng Yan Wang Hua Hong Peihong Yin Qing Ye Chao Xie Min Zhu Xiaoyi Liu Yaozhong Kong Jie Wang Ruiying Ma Yu Xiao Guoguang Chen Rongguo Fu Yuhe Ke Jasmine Ong Chiat Ling Charumathi Sabanayagam Daniel Shu Wei Ting Kar Keung Cheng Duoru Lin Wei Chen Haotian Lin A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images Nature Communications |
| title | A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images |
| title_full | A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images |
| title_fullStr | A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images |
| title_full_unstemmed | A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images |
| title_short | A noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images |
| title_sort | noninvasive model for chronic kidney disease screening and common pathological type identification from retinal images |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-62273-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qianniwu anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jianboli anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT lanqinzhao anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT dongliu anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jingyiwen anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yunuowang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yiqinwang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT nayahuang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT lanpingjiang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT qinghualiu anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT hanminglin anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT pengxiawan anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT shicongyang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT wenfangchen anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT hongjianye anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT mohammedhajirashidhassan anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT ahmedhassannur anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT zefangdai anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jieguo anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT shanshanzhou anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jianwenyu anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT weixingzhang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT wenbenchen anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT ruiyangli anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT waichengiao anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT juanjuanfeng anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yanwang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT huahong anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT peihongyin anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT qingye anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT chaoxie anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT minzhu anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT xiaoyiliu anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yaozhongkong anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jiewang anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT ruiyingma anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yuxiao anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT guoguangchen anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT rongguofu anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yuheke anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jasmineongchiatling anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT charumathisabanayagam anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT danielshuweiting anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT karkeungcheng anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT duorulin anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT weichen anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT haotianlin anoninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT qianniwu noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jianboli noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT lanqinzhao noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT dongliu noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jingyiwen noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yunuowang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yiqinwang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT nayahuang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT lanpingjiang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT qinghualiu noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT hanminglin noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT pengxiawan noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT shicongyang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT wenfangchen noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT hongjianye noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT mohammedhajirashidhassan noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT ahmedhassannur noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT zefangdai noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jieguo noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT shanshanzhou noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jianwenyu noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT weixingzhang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT wenbenchen noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT ruiyangli noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT waichengiao noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT juanjuanfeng noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yanwang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT huahong noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT peihongyin noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT qingye noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT chaoxie noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT minzhu noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT xiaoyiliu noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yaozhongkong noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jiewang noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT ruiyingma noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yuxiao noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT guoguangchen noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT rongguofu noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT yuheke noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT jasmineongchiatling noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT charumathisabanayagam noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT danielshuweiting noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT karkeungcheng noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT duorulin noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT weichen noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages AT haotianlin noninvasivemodelforchronickidneydiseasescreeningandcommonpathologicaltypeidentificationfromretinalimages |