Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation

Background: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a treatment option for end-stage lung disease. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) poses challenges to long-term survival. CLAD is usually progressive with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Advanced CLAD is the most common indication for...

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Main Authors: Zsofia Kovacs, Jens Gottlieb, Susanne Simon, Alberto Benazzo, Peter Jaksch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:JHLT Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950133425000527
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author Zsofia Kovacs
Jens Gottlieb
Susanne Simon
Alberto Benazzo
Peter Jaksch
author_facet Zsofia Kovacs
Jens Gottlieb
Susanne Simon
Alberto Benazzo
Peter Jaksch
author_sort Zsofia Kovacs
collection DOAJ
description Background: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a treatment option for end-stage lung disease. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) poses challenges to long-term survival. CLAD is usually progressive with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Advanced CLAD is the most common indication for redo lung transplantation (LRT). Decision-making on LRT varies between centers. Methods: This study aimed to explore key aspects of advanced CLAD management, with a focus on disparities in redo transplantation referral and listing rates. A retrospective cohort study was conducted across follow-up clinics at 2 major European centers, examining patient characteristics, treatment approaches, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors in individuals with advanced CLAD. Results: In a cohort of 177 patients with advanced CLAD, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was the predominant phenotype (66%). Significant morbidity was observed, with 66% of patients severely disabled and 49% on oxygen therapy. Over a median follow-up of 568 days, 94 patients died, with a 2-year survival rate of only 25%. LRT was pursued in 72 patients, with 31 undergoing the procedure. Post-LRT mortality was high (48%), particularly in patients requiring advanced respiratory support. Key risk factors for mortality included restrictive or mixed CLAD phenotypes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.759), rapid disease progression (HR 49.671), and urgent LRT (HR 0.026). Conclusions: Advanced CLAD patients face high morbidity and mortality. Redo transplantation seems to offer survival benefit in elective patients. Early referral for redo transplantation and proactive management strategies are essential for improving patient outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-b147508d53db4fd08c17b5addcdcd5da2025-08-20T02:28:22ZengElsevierJHLT Open2950-13342025-05-01810025710.1016/j.jhlto.2025.100257Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantationZsofia Kovacs0Jens Gottlieb1Susanne Simon2Alberto Benazzo3Peter Jaksch4Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Corresponding author: Zsofia Kovacs, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in End stage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, GermanyDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, AustriaBackground: Lung transplantation (LTx) is a treatment option for end-stage lung disease. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) poses challenges to long-term survival. CLAD is usually progressive with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Advanced CLAD is the most common indication for redo lung transplantation (LRT). Decision-making on LRT varies between centers. Methods: This study aimed to explore key aspects of advanced CLAD management, with a focus on disparities in redo transplantation referral and listing rates. A retrospective cohort study was conducted across follow-up clinics at 2 major European centers, examining patient characteristics, treatment approaches, clinical outcomes, and prognostic factors in individuals with advanced CLAD. Results: In a cohort of 177 patients with advanced CLAD, bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome was the predominant phenotype (66%). Significant morbidity was observed, with 66% of patients severely disabled and 49% on oxygen therapy. Over a median follow-up of 568 days, 94 patients died, with a 2-year survival rate of only 25%. LRT was pursued in 72 patients, with 31 undergoing the procedure. Post-LRT mortality was high (48%), particularly in patients requiring advanced respiratory support. Key risk factors for mortality included restrictive or mixed CLAD phenotypes (hazard ratio [HR] 2.759), rapid disease progression (HR 49.671), and urgent LRT (HR 0.026). Conclusions: Advanced CLAD patients face high morbidity and mortality. Redo transplantation seems to offer survival benefit in elective patients. Early referral for redo transplantation and proactive management strategies are essential for improving patient outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950133425000527lung transplantationbronchiolitis obliterans syndromechronic lung allograft dysfunctionrespiratory insufficiencyoxygen therapyextracorporeal membrane oxygenation
spellingShingle Zsofia Kovacs
Jens Gottlieb
Susanne Simon
Alberto Benazzo
Peter Jaksch
Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation
JHLT Open
lung transplantation
bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
chronic lung allograft dysfunction
respiratory insufficiency
oxygen therapy
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
title Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation
title_full Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation
title_fullStr Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation
title_full_unstemmed Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation
title_short Survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation
title_sort survival of patients with advanced chronic lung allograft dysfunction and the role of redo transplantation
topic lung transplantation
bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome
chronic lung allograft dysfunction
respiratory insufficiency
oxygen therapy
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950133425000527
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