Global trends and epidemiological impact of metabolic risk factors on atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter from 1990 to 2021

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are cardiac arrhythmias associated with high morbidity and mortality. This cross-sectional observational study assesses the epidemiological burden of AF/AFL concerning metabolic risk factors using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Junqing Liang, Jun Shen, Yankai Guo, Manzeremu Rejiepu, Xiuwen Ling, Xiaoyan Wang, Yi Jian, Xing Zhang, Shijie Shao, Baopeng Tang, Ling Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88744-4
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