Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in China
The feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious virus that affects cats worldwide, characterized by leukopenia, high temperature and diarrhea. Recently, the continuous prevalence and variation of FPV have attracted widespread concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolatio...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Yinghui Wen Zhengxu Tang Kunli Wang Zhengyang Geng Simin Yang Junqing Guo Yongzhen Chen Jiankun Wang Zhiyu Fan Pengju Chen Jing Qian |
| author_facet | Yinghui Wen Zhengxu Tang Kunli Wang Zhengyang Geng Simin Yang Junqing Guo Yongzhen Chen Jiankun Wang Zhiyu Fan Pengju Chen Jing Qian |
| author_sort | Yinghui Wen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious virus that affects cats worldwide, characterized by leukopenia, high temperature and diarrhea. Recently, the continuous prevalence and variation of FPV have attracted widespread concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolation, genetic evolution, molecular characterization and epidemiological analysis of FPV strains among cats and dogs in China from 2019 to 2024. The 41 FPV strains, including 38 feline strains and 3 canine strains, were isolated from rectal swab samples by inoculating monolayer FK81 cells and performing a plaque purification assay. The viral and hemagglutination titers of these 41 FPV strains were 10<sup>4.33</sup>~10<sup>6.33</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/0.1 mL and 7.0 log<sub>2</sub>~9.7 log<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Based on the complete VP2 gene, the nucleotide homology of these FPV strains was 98.91~100%, and the homology with 24 reference FPV strains from different countries and hosts was 98.85~100%. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that 41 FPV strains were more closely related to the FPV strains of Asian origin (Asian FPV strain group) than those of European and American origin (European and American FPV strain group). Furthermore, 12 mutation sites of the VP2 protein were found in these FPV strains, of which 91 and 232 amino acid sites were previously reported. Moreover, the 91 amino acid site was found to be a positive selection site with the highest dN/dS value in the selection pressure analysis. Importantly, 35 FPV strains with 91S substitution in the VP2 protein (FPV-VP2-91S strains) had formed obvious evolutionary branches in the Asian FPV strain group. The analysis of all available VP2 protein sequences of Chinese FPV strains in the GenBank database showed that the occurrence rate of FPV-VP2-91S strains had been increasing from 15.63% to 100% during 2017~2024, indicating that the FPV-VP2-91S substitution in the VP2 protein was a noteworthy molecular characteristic of the dominant FPV strains in China. These results contribute to a better understanding of their genetic evolution and renew the knowledge of FPV molecular epidemiology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0fbd5761fed4203ba15bee8a26bbd0f |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0fbd5761fed4203ba15bee8a26bbd0f2025-08-20T02:56:55ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152024-12-011612196710.3390/v16121967Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in ChinaYinghui Wen0Zhengxu Tang1Kunli Wang2Zhengyang Geng3Simin Yang4Junqing Guo5Yongzhen Chen6Jiankun Wang7Zhiyu Fan8Pengju Chen9Jing Qian10College of veterinary medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaCollege of veterinary medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, ChinaKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaHenan Institute of Modern Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaHenan Institute of Modern Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaHenan Institute of Modern Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaKey Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaThe feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious virus that affects cats worldwide, characterized by leukopenia, high temperature and diarrhea. Recently, the continuous prevalence and variation of FPV have attracted widespread concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the isolation, genetic evolution, molecular characterization and epidemiological analysis of FPV strains among cats and dogs in China from 2019 to 2024. The 41 FPV strains, including 38 feline strains and 3 canine strains, were isolated from rectal swab samples by inoculating monolayer FK81 cells and performing a plaque purification assay. The viral and hemagglutination titers of these 41 FPV strains were 10<sup>4.33</sup>~10<sup>6.33</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/0.1 mL and 7.0 log<sub>2</sub>~9.7 log<sub>2</sub>, respectively. Based on the complete VP2 gene, the nucleotide homology of these FPV strains was 98.91~100%, and the homology with 24 reference FPV strains from different countries and hosts was 98.85~100%. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that 41 FPV strains were more closely related to the FPV strains of Asian origin (Asian FPV strain group) than those of European and American origin (European and American FPV strain group). Furthermore, 12 mutation sites of the VP2 protein were found in these FPV strains, of which 91 and 232 amino acid sites were previously reported. Moreover, the 91 amino acid site was found to be a positive selection site with the highest dN/dS value in the selection pressure analysis. Importantly, 35 FPV strains with 91S substitution in the VP2 protein (FPV-VP2-91S strains) had formed obvious evolutionary branches in the Asian FPV strain group. The analysis of all available VP2 protein sequences of Chinese FPV strains in the GenBank database showed that the occurrence rate of FPV-VP2-91S strains had been increasing from 15.63% to 100% during 2017~2024, indicating that the FPV-VP2-91S substitution in the VP2 protein was a noteworthy molecular characteristic of the dominant FPV strains in China. These results contribute to a better understanding of their genetic evolution and renew the knowledge of FPV molecular epidemiology.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1967feline panleukopenia virusVP2 genegenetic evolutionmolecular characterization91S substitution |
| spellingShingle | Yinghui Wen Zhengxu Tang Kunli Wang Zhengyang Geng Simin Yang Junqing Guo Yongzhen Chen Jiankun Wang Zhiyu Fan Pengju Chen Jing Qian Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in China Viruses feline panleukopenia virus VP2 gene genetic evolution molecular characterization 91S substitution |
| title | Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in China |
| title_full | Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in China |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in China |
| title_short | Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation of Feline Panleukopenia Virus Infection in China |
| title_sort | epidemiological and molecular investigation of feline panleukopenia virus infection in china |
| topic | feline panleukopenia virus VP2 gene genetic evolution molecular characterization 91S substitution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/12/1967 |
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