Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State

Powassan virus (POWV, family Flaviviridae) is a reemerging tick-borne virus endemic in North America and Russia. In 1997, a POWV-like agent was isolated from Ixodes scapularis in New England and determined to be genetically distinct from the original POWV isolate. This revealed the existence of two...

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Main Authors: Rachel E. Lange, Alan P. Dupuis II, Melissa A. Prusinski, Joseph G. Maffei, Cheri A. Koetzner, Kiet Ngo, Bryon Backenson, JoAnne Oliver, Chantal B.F. Vogels, Nathan D. Grubaugh, Laura D. Kramer, Alexander T. Ciota
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2023-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2155585
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author Rachel E. Lange
Alan P. Dupuis II
Melissa A. Prusinski
Joseph G. Maffei
Cheri A. Koetzner
Kiet Ngo
Bryon Backenson
JoAnne Oliver
Chantal B.F. Vogels
Nathan D. Grubaugh
Laura D. Kramer
Alexander T. Ciota
author_facet Rachel E. Lange
Alan P. Dupuis II
Melissa A. Prusinski
Joseph G. Maffei
Cheri A. Koetzner
Kiet Ngo
Bryon Backenson
JoAnne Oliver
Chantal B.F. Vogels
Nathan D. Grubaugh
Laura D. Kramer
Alexander T. Ciota
author_sort Rachel E. Lange
collection DOAJ
description Powassan virus (POWV, family Flaviviridae) is a reemerging tick-borne virus endemic in North America and Russia. In 1997, a POWV-like agent was isolated from Ixodes scapularis in New England and determined to be genetically distinct from the original POWV isolate. This revealed the existence of two lineages: lineage 1, prototype Powassan virus (POWV-1) and lineage 2, deer tick virus (DTV). POWV-1 is thought to be primarily maintained in a cycle between I. cookei and woodchucks and I. marxi and squirrels, while DTV is primarily maintained in a cycle between I. scapularis and small mammal hosts. Recent tick, mammalian, and human isolates from New York State (NYS) have been identified as DTV, but for the first time in 45 years, we detected four POWV-1 isolates, including the first reported isolation of POWV-1 from I. scapularis. We aimed to investigate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of recent NYS isolates through sequence analysis and evaluation of replication kinetics in vitro and in vivo. Our sequencing revealed genetic divergence between NYS POWV-1 isolates, with two distinct foci. We found that POWV-1 isolates displayed variable replication kinetics in nymphal ticks but not in cell culture. POWV-1 isolated from I. scapularis displayed increased fitness in experimentally infected I. scapularis as compared to historic and recent POWV-1 isolates from I. cookei. These data suggest the emergence of divergent POWV-1 strains in alternate tick hosts and maintenance of genetically and phenotypically discrete POWV-1 foci.
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spelling doaj-art-b0e3a4a29e9f4e4bb242376bbeefd55a2025-08-20T01:49:16ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112110.1080/22221751.2022.2155585Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York StateRachel E. Lange0Alan P. Dupuis II1Melissa A. Prusinski2Joseph G. Maffei3Cheri A. Koetzner4Kiet Ngo5Bryon Backenson6JoAnne Oliver7Chantal B.F. Vogels8Nathan D. Grubaugh9Laura D. Kramer10Alexander T. Ciota11Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USANew York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USANew York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Vector Ecology Laboratory, Albany, NY, USANew York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USANew York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USANew York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USANew York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Vector Ecology Laboratory, Albany, NY, USANew York State Department of Health, Bureau of Communicable Disease Control, Syracuse, NY, USADepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USADepartment of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USADepartment of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USAPowassan virus (POWV, family Flaviviridae) is a reemerging tick-borne virus endemic in North America and Russia. In 1997, a POWV-like agent was isolated from Ixodes scapularis in New England and determined to be genetically distinct from the original POWV isolate. This revealed the existence of two lineages: lineage 1, prototype Powassan virus (POWV-1) and lineage 2, deer tick virus (DTV). POWV-1 is thought to be primarily maintained in a cycle between I. cookei and woodchucks and I. marxi and squirrels, while DTV is primarily maintained in a cycle between I. scapularis and small mammal hosts. Recent tick, mammalian, and human isolates from New York State (NYS) have been identified as DTV, but for the first time in 45 years, we detected four POWV-1 isolates, including the first reported isolation of POWV-1 from I. scapularis. We aimed to investigate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of recent NYS isolates through sequence analysis and evaluation of replication kinetics in vitro and in vivo. Our sequencing revealed genetic divergence between NYS POWV-1 isolates, with two distinct foci. We found that POWV-1 isolates displayed variable replication kinetics in nymphal ticks but not in cell culture. POWV-1 isolated from I. scapularis displayed increased fitness in experimentally infected I. scapularis as compared to historic and recent POWV-1 isolates from I. cookei. These data suggest the emergence of divergent POWV-1 strains in alternate tick hosts and maintenance of genetically and phenotypically discrete POWV-1 foci.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2155585Powassan virusdeer tick virusNew York Statelineage 1Ixodes scapularis
spellingShingle Rachel E. Lange
Alan P. Dupuis II
Melissa A. Prusinski
Joseph G. Maffei
Cheri A. Koetzner
Kiet Ngo
Bryon Backenson
JoAnne Oliver
Chantal B.F. Vogels
Nathan D. Grubaugh
Laura D. Kramer
Alexander T. Ciota
Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Powassan virus
deer tick virus
New York State
lineage 1
Ixodes scapularis
title Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State
title_full Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State
title_fullStr Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State
title_full_unstemmed Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State
title_short Identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 Powassan virus strains in New York State
title_sort identification and characterization of novel lineage 1 powassan virus strains in new york state
topic Powassan virus
deer tick virus
New York State
lineage 1
Ixodes scapularis
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2022.2155585
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