Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function

Modern radar systems commonly utilize monopulse angle estimation techniques for target angle estimation, with the phase comparison method being one of the most widely adopted approaches. While the phase comparison method achieves high estimation precision, it is highly susceptible to noise and exhib...

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Main Authors: Jianye Xu, Maozhong Fu, Zhenmiao Deng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/943
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author Jianye Xu
Maozhong Fu
Zhenmiao Deng
author_facet Jianye Xu
Maozhong Fu
Zhenmiao Deng
author_sort Jianye Xu
collection DOAJ
description Modern radar systems commonly utilize monopulse angle estimation techniques for target angle estimation, with the phase comparison method being one of the most widely adopted approaches. While the phase comparison method achieves high estimation precision, it is highly susceptible to noise and exhibits a suboptimal performance under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions, leading to a high SNR threshold. Moreover, conventional monopulse angle estimation methods provide limited target information, as a single measurement cannot reveal the target’s motion direction. To address these shortcomings, a novel approach based on the phase comparison method is proposed in this study, with the variation in the wave path difference modeled as a first-order motion model. By accumulating the conjugate-multiplied signals over multiple time steps, the Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function (WPD-ROC AF) is constructed. A fast algorithm employing the 2D Chirp-Z Transform (2D-CZT) is proposed, enabling multi-pulse angle estimation through the identification of frequency and phase values corresponding to spectral peaks. Simulation results validate that the proposed method outperforms traditional monopulse angle estimation techniques under low-SNR conditions and effectively suppresses static clutter interference. Furthermore, the sign of the WPD-ROC AF is shown to be correlated with the target’s motion direction, providing practical utility for determining the direction of movement in remote sensing scenarios.
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spelling doaj-art-b0cde567e2d54a8183729e458b04ad532025-08-20T02:06:13ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-03-0117594310.3390/rs17050943Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity FunctionJianye Xu0Maozhong Fu1Zhenmiao Deng2School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, ChinaFujian Key Laboratory of Communication Network and Information Processing, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, ChinaModern radar systems commonly utilize monopulse angle estimation techniques for target angle estimation, with the phase comparison method being one of the most widely adopted approaches. While the phase comparison method achieves high estimation precision, it is highly susceptible to noise and exhibits a suboptimal performance under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions, leading to a high SNR threshold. Moreover, conventional monopulse angle estimation methods provide limited target information, as a single measurement cannot reveal the target’s motion direction. To address these shortcomings, a novel approach based on the phase comparison method is proposed in this study, with the variation in the wave path difference modeled as a first-order motion model. By accumulating the conjugate-multiplied signals over multiple time steps, the Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function (WPD-ROC AF) is constructed. A fast algorithm employing the 2D Chirp-Z Transform (2D-CZT) is proposed, enabling multi-pulse angle estimation through the identification of frequency and phase values corresponding to spectral peaks. Simulation results validate that the proposed method outperforms traditional monopulse angle estimation techniques under low-SNR conditions and effectively suppresses static clutter interference. Furthermore, the sign of the WPD-ROC AF is shown to be correlated with the target’s motion direction, providing practical utility for determining the direction of movement in remote sensing scenarios.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/943angle estimationphase comparison methodmulti-pulseWPD-ROC AF
spellingShingle Jianye Xu
Maozhong Fu
Zhenmiao Deng
Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function
Remote Sensing
angle estimation
phase comparison method
multi-pulse
WPD-ROC AF
title Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function
title_full Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function
title_fullStr Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function
title_full_unstemmed Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function
title_short Angle Estimation Based on Wave Path Difference Rate of Change Ambiguity Function
title_sort angle estimation based on wave path difference rate of change ambiguity function
topic angle estimation
phase comparison method
multi-pulse
WPD-ROC AF
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/5/943
work_keys_str_mv AT jianyexu angleestimationbasedonwavepathdifferencerateofchangeambiguityfunction
AT maozhongfu angleestimationbasedonwavepathdifferencerateofchangeambiguityfunction
AT zhenmiaodeng angleestimationbasedonwavepathdifferencerateofchangeambiguityfunction