Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats
Residues of the pesticides chlorfenapyr (CFP) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) often coexist in the environment and can be accumulated in the body. To understand the impact of these two chemicals on health, we investigated their effect on the kidneys. In this study, rats were treated with CFP and/or EMB...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Di Zhang Xiao-Hua Song Dan Yang Mu-Zi Ge Jun Qiu Han-Qing Jiang Yan-Yan Sun Xiang-dong Li Yi-Jun Wu |
| author_facet | Di Zhang Xiao-Hua Song Dan Yang Mu-Zi Ge Jun Qiu Han-Qing Jiang Yan-Yan Sun Xiang-dong Li Yi-Jun Wu |
| author_sort | Di Zhang |
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| description | Residues of the pesticides chlorfenapyr (CFP) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) often coexist in the environment and can be accumulated in the body. To understand the impact of these two chemicals on health, we investigated their effect on the kidneys. In this study, rats were treated with CFP and/or EMB at low/medium/high doses of 1/3/9 mg/kg/day and 0.2/0.6/1.8 mg/kg/day, respectively, via oral gavage for 60 days. Kidneys and serum samples were collected and serum biochemistry and kidney histopathological changes were analyzed and examined. Kidney metabolome alterations were analyzed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed that combined exposure to CFP and EMB elevated BUN levels and induced pathological damage, which presented as thinner renal tubular epithelial cells, an abnormal glomerular morphology, and an increased fibrotic area. CFP and/or EMB disrupted glutathione metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in the alteration of kidney metabolomes and inducing oxidative stress in the cells of kidney tissues. In addition, CFP decreased ATP content and inhibited pyruvate PDH activity in the kidneys. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to CFP and EMB at environmentally relevant levels induce alterations in the renal metabolome, oxidative stress, and an insufficient energy supply, which may contribute to renal histopathological damage. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0c7aa9b6b4f4e319b9bf78d4f1dd0842025-01-24T13:51:07ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042025-01-011316510.3390/toxics13010065Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in RatsDi Zhang0Xiao-Hua Song1Dan Yang2Mu-Zi Ge3Jun Qiu4Han-Qing Jiang5Yan-Yan Sun6Xiang-dong Li7Yi-Jun Wu8State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, ChinaResidues of the pesticides chlorfenapyr (CFP) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) often coexist in the environment and can be accumulated in the body. To understand the impact of these two chemicals on health, we investigated their effect on the kidneys. In this study, rats were treated with CFP and/or EMB at low/medium/high doses of 1/3/9 mg/kg/day and 0.2/0.6/1.8 mg/kg/day, respectively, via oral gavage for 60 days. Kidneys and serum samples were collected and serum biochemistry and kidney histopathological changes were analyzed and examined. Kidney metabolome alterations were analyzed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed that combined exposure to CFP and EMB elevated BUN levels and induced pathological damage, which presented as thinner renal tubular epithelial cells, an abnormal glomerular morphology, and an increased fibrotic area. CFP and/or EMB disrupted glutathione metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, resulting in the alteration of kidney metabolomes and inducing oxidative stress in the cells of kidney tissues. In addition, CFP decreased ATP content and inhibited pyruvate PDH activity in the kidneys. These findings suggest that long-term exposure to CFP and EMB at environmentally relevant levels induce alterations in the renal metabolome, oxidative stress, and an insufficient energy supply, which may contribute to renal histopathological damage.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/65pesticidenephrotoxicityoxidative stressmetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Di Zhang Xiao-Hua Song Dan Yang Mu-Zi Ge Jun Qiu Han-Qing Jiang Yan-Yan Sun Xiang-dong Li Yi-Jun Wu Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats Toxics pesticide nephrotoxicity oxidative stress metabolomics |
| title | Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats |
| title_full | Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats |
| title_short | Subchronic Exposure to Low-Dose Chlorfenapyr and Emamectin Benzoate Disrupts Kidney Metabolism in Rats |
| title_sort | subchronic exposure to low dose chlorfenapyr and emamectin benzoate disrupts kidney metabolism in rats |
| topic | pesticide nephrotoxicity oxidative stress metabolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/65 |
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