Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to Pakistan

This study characterised four naked neck chicken phenotypes (black, white-and-black, light brown, and dark brown) at 20 weeks of age, based on both qualitative and quantitative traits. A total of 320 birds were evaluated, with 40 males and 40 females per phenotype. Qualitative traits assessed inclu...

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Main Authors: M Shafiq, A Ahmad, H Khaliq, ZM Iqbal, B Siddique, MI Ullah, MF Khalid, F Ali, MT Khan, S Aslam, R Mustafa, U Farooq, S Mehmood, J Hussain, Z Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: South African Society for Animal Science 2025-04-01
Series:South African Journal of Animal Science
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Online Access:https://www.sajas.co.za/article/view/23314
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author M Shafiq
A Ahmad
H Khaliq
ZM Iqbal
B Siddique
MI Ullah
MF Khalid
F Ali
MT Khan
S Aslam
R Mustafa
U Farooq
S Mehmood
J Hussain
Z Li
author_facet M Shafiq
A Ahmad
H Khaliq
ZM Iqbal
B Siddique
MI Ullah
MF Khalid
F Ali
MT Khan
S Aslam
R Mustafa
U Farooq
S Mehmood
J Hussain
Z Li
author_sort M Shafiq
collection DOAJ
description This study characterised four naked neck chicken phenotypes (black, white-and-black, light brown, and dark brown) at 20 weeks of age, based on both qualitative and quantitative traits. A total of 320 birds were evaluated, with 40 males and 40 females per phenotype. Qualitative traits assessed included head shape, comb type, wattle size, plumage pattern, shank colour, spur presence, and number of toes. Quantitative traits measured included neck length, keel length, wingspan, shank length, shank circumference, drumstick length, drumstick circumference, and body length. Both sexes of all phenotypes exhibited a plain head and a single comb. Wattle size varied by sex, being medium-sized in females and highly developed in males. Feathers in the breast, wing bow, wing bar, wing bay, saddle, and tail areas most commonly had a plain pattern, followed by stippled, pencilled, and laced patterns. Shank colouration differed between the sexes, with males most commonly having yellow shanks, followed by grey, off-white, and green shanks. In contrast, females predominantly had grey shanks, followed by yellow, green, and off-white shanks. Among the phenotypes, white-and-black, light brown, and dark brown chickens exhibited the highest frequency of yellow shanks, while grey shanks were most commonly found in black birds. Males were significantly larger than females for most morphometric traits. Additionally, the light brown and dark brown phenotypes exhibited higher values for quantitative traits than the black and white-and-black phenotypes. All birds of the naked neck phenotype, regardless of sex, had four toes, normal spurs, and tufted feathers on the ventral neck region above the crop. Submitted 23 September 2021; Accepted 8 April 2025; Published April 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Significance of research to South African science The article by Shafiq et al. (2025) provides valuable insights for South African poultry science and sustainable livestock development in similar agroecological zones. Although based in Nigeria, the study evaluates key phenotypic traits - such as body weight, growth rate, and heat tolerance - of naked neck chickens under heat-stress conditions, which are increasingly relevant due to climate change. For South Africa, where smallholder and rural poultry systems remain important for food security and livelihoods, the findings support breed selection strategies that prioritise adaptability, resilience, and productivity in hot climates. This research contributes to regional efforts in promoting climate-smart animal agriculture and preserving indigenous genetic resources.
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spelling doaj-art-b0c3c7f98a5044bfbd779f7251edd7cb2025-08-20T03:09:43ZengSouth African Society for Animal ScienceSouth African Journal of Animal Science0375-15892221-40622025-04-0155410.4314/sajas.v55i4.04Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to PakistanM Shafiq0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-5083A Ahmad1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6295-8685H Khaliq2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-7349ZM Iqbal3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1296-6681B Siddique4https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3226-5415MI Ullah5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-3086MF Khalid6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-1637F Ali7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-2928MT Khan8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1963-8608S Aslam9https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7465-5358R Mustafa10https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6538-0583U Farooq11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-9979S Mehmood12https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3755-1637J Hussain13https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-375XZ Li14https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8867-1703Poultry Research InstituteKing Saud UniversityUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesPoultry Research InstituteBahauddin Zakariya UniversityUniversity of AgricultureIslamia University of BahawalpurCholistan University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of AgricultureUniversity of AgricultureUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal SciencesCollege of Biological Resource and Food Engineering This study characterised four naked neck chicken phenotypes (black, white-and-black, light brown, and dark brown) at 20 weeks of age, based on both qualitative and quantitative traits. A total of 320 birds were evaluated, with 40 males and 40 females per phenotype. Qualitative traits assessed included head shape, comb type, wattle size, plumage pattern, shank colour, spur presence, and number of toes. Quantitative traits measured included neck length, keel length, wingspan, shank length, shank circumference, drumstick length, drumstick circumference, and body length. Both sexes of all phenotypes exhibited a plain head and a single comb. Wattle size varied by sex, being medium-sized in females and highly developed in males. Feathers in the breast, wing bow, wing bar, wing bay, saddle, and tail areas most commonly had a plain pattern, followed by stippled, pencilled, and laced patterns. Shank colouration differed between the sexes, with males most commonly having yellow shanks, followed by grey, off-white, and green shanks. In contrast, females predominantly had grey shanks, followed by yellow, green, and off-white shanks. Among the phenotypes, white-and-black, light brown, and dark brown chickens exhibited the highest frequency of yellow shanks, while grey shanks were most commonly found in black birds. Males were significantly larger than females for most morphometric traits. Additionally, the light brown and dark brown phenotypes exhibited higher values for quantitative traits than the black and white-and-black phenotypes. All birds of the naked neck phenotype, regardless of sex, had four toes, normal spurs, and tufted feathers on the ventral neck region above the crop. Submitted 23 September 2021; Accepted 8 April 2025; Published April 2025 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Significance of research to South African science The article by Shafiq et al. (2025) provides valuable insights for South African poultry science and sustainable livestock development in similar agroecological zones. Although based in Nigeria, the study evaluates key phenotypic traits - such as body weight, growth rate, and heat tolerance - of naked neck chickens under heat-stress conditions, which are increasingly relevant due to climate change. For South Africa, where smallholder and rural poultry systems remain important for food security and livelihoods, the findings support breed selection strategies that prioritise adaptability, resilience, and productivity in hot climates. This research contributes to regional efforts in promoting climate-smart animal agriculture and preserving indigenous genetic resources. https://www.sajas.co.za/article/view/23314circumferenceindigenous poultrymorphometricqualitativequantitative
spellingShingle M Shafiq
A Ahmad
H Khaliq
ZM Iqbal
B Siddique
MI Ullah
MF Khalid
F Ali
MT Khan
S Aslam
R Mustafa
U Farooq
S Mehmood
J Hussain
Z Li
Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to Pakistan
South African Journal of Animal Science
circumference
indigenous poultry
morphometric
qualitative
quantitative
title Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to Pakistan
title_full Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to Pakistan
title_fullStr Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to Pakistan
title_short Phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to Pakistan
title_sort phenotypic characterisation of four naked neck chicken ecotypes indigenous to pakistan
topic circumference
indigenous poultry
morphometric
qualitative
quantitative
url https://www.sajas.co.za/article/view/23314
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