Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium

Abstract Efficient conversion between charge currents and spin signals is crucial for realizing magnet-free spintronic devices. However, the strong spin-orbit coupling that enhances this conversion also causes rapid spin dissipation, making spin signals difficult to control. Although modern material...

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Main Authors: Evgenii Barts, Karma Tenzin, Jagoda Sławińska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59143-0
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author Evgenii Barts
Karma Tenzin
Jagoda Sławińska
author_facet Evgenii Barts
Karma Tenzin
Jagoda Sławińska
author_sort Evgenii Barts
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Efficient conversion between charge currents and spin signals is crucial for realizing magnet-free spintronic devices. However, the strong spin-orbit coupling that enhances this conversion also causes rapid spin dissipation, making spin signals difficult to control. Although modern materials science offers novel systems with diverse spin configurations of conduction electrons, understanding their fundamental limitations requires insights into the mechanisms behind the creation and relaxation of spin populations. In this study, we demonstrate that parallel spin-momentum entanglement at the Fermi surface of chiral tellurium crystals gives rise to slow collective relaxation modes, termed relaxons. These relaxons dominate the electrically generated spin and orbital angular momentum accumulation in tellurium, achieving an extraordinary 50% conversion efficiency, and are responsible for a long lifetime of the spin population. We show that the slow relaxons carrying spin density closely resemble the persistent helical spin states observed in GaAs semiconductor quantum wells. This similarity suggests that slow relaxons are a general phenomenon, potentially present in other chiral materials with strong spin-momentum locking, and could be used to generate and transmit spin signals with low heat losses in future electronics.
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institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
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publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-b0c192b336474784aa3edf334aaa80842025-08-20T02:55:35ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-04-011611910.1038/s41467-025-59143-0Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral telluriumEvgenii Barts0Karma Tenzin1Jagoda Sławińska2Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenZernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenZernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of GroningenAbstract Efficient conversion between charge currents and spin signals is crucial for realizing magnet-free spintronic devices. However, the strong spin-orbit coupling that enhances this conversion also causes rapid spin dissipation, making spin signals difficult to control. Although modern materials science offers novel systems with diverse spin configurations of conduction electrons, understanding their fundamental limitations requires insights into the mechanisms behind the creation and relaxation of spin populations. In this study, we demonstrate that parallel spin-momentum entanglement at the Fermi surface of chiral tellurium crystals gives rise to slow collective relaxation modes, termed relaxons. These relaxons dominate the electrically generated spin and orbital angular momentum accumulation in tellurium, achieving an extraordinary 50% conversion efficiency, and are responsible for a long lifetime of the spin population. We show that the slow relaxons carrying spin density closely resemble the persistent helical spin states observed in GaAs semiconductor quantum wells. This similarity suggests that slow relaxons are a general phenomenon, potentially present in other chiral materials with strong spin-momentum locking, and could be used to generate and transmit spin signals with low heat losses in future electronics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59143-0
spellingShingle Evgenii Barts
Karma Tenzin
Jagoda Sławińska
Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
Nature Communications
title Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
title_full Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
title_fullStr Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
title_full_unstemmed Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
title_short Efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
title_sort efficient spin accumulation carried by slow relaxons in chiral tellurium
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59143-0
work_keys_str_mv AT evgeniibarts efficientspinaccumulationcarriedbyslowrelaxonsinchiraltellurium
AT karmatenzin efficientspinaccumulationcarriedbyslowrelaxonsinchiraltellurium
AT jagodasławinska efficientspinaccumulationcarriedbyslowrelaxonsinchiraltellurium