Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete Approach

The upright state of pot seedlings in the process of rice mechanized throwing operations has an important influence on the growth rate and yield of rice, and pot seedling uprightness is affected by the influence of soil backfilling during trenching. Due to the complexity of the furrow opener–soil–po...

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Main Authors: Bin Jiang, Jinping Cai, Xiongfei Chen, Junan Liu, Liping Xiao, Jinlong Lin, Yuqiang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/11/1206
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author Bin Jiang
Jinping Cai
Xiongfei Chen
Junan Liu
Liping Xiao
Jinlong Lin
Yuqiang Chen
author_facet Bin Jiang
Jinping Cai
Xiongfei Chen
Junan Liu
Liping Xiao
Jinlong Lin
Yuqiang Chen
author_sort Bin Jiang
collection DOAJ
description The upright state of pot seedlings in the process of rice mechanized throwing operations has an important influence on the growth rate and yield of rice, and pot seedling uprightness is affected by the influence of soil backfilling during trenching. Due to the complexity of the furrow opener–soil–pot seedling interaction mechanism in the rice pot seedling planting process, the soil backfilling process is difficult to observe. In order to improve the uprightness of pot seedling planting, this paper constructs a soil model and a soil–pot seedling model step by step, based on the discrete element method (DEM), as well as a coupled model of the pot seedling planting system to study the process of furrow opener–soil–pot seedling planting, the reliability of which is then verified. The results showed that the simulation results of the constructed soil model and soil–pot seedling model deviated from the actual calibration results by <6%, and the model could accurately simulate the pot seedling throwing process. The simulation analysis of the trenching process revealed that the soil backfilling process during trenching showed a three-stage evolution pattern of “backfilling-covering-stabilizing”; in addition, the forward speed of the machine was 0.8 m/s, and the falling speed of the seedling discharge cylinder was 3.5 m/s, which made it possible for the model to simulate the pot seedling throwing process accurately. In addition, when the pot seedling with a forward speed of 0.8 m/s and a drop speed of 3.5 m/s fell into the trench after 0.15 s of trenching, its lateral and longitudinal uprightness were 67.0 ± 1.2° and 65.2 ± 1.5°, respectively. After optimization of the structure of the trenchers, the width, depth, and length of the main body were 40 mm, 37.87 mm, and 32.32 mm, respectively, and the lateral and longitudinal uprightness of the pot seedlings increased to 70.0 ± 1.0° and 69.4 ± 0.8, respectively. The coupled model bench validation test showed that its reliability error was <5%. The coupled model provides technical support for the design and parameter optimization of rice planting equipment.
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spelling doaj-art-b0bc7e1be579433eb1e276b18449acab2025-08-20T02:23:04ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-05-011511120610.3390/agriculture15111206Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete ApproachBin Jiang0Jinping Cai1Xiongfei Chen2Junan Liu3Liping Xiao4Jinlong Lin5Yuqiang Chen6Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanchang 330045, ChinaCollege of Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinaJiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Nanchang 330045, ChinaThe upright state of pot seedlings in the process of rice mechanized throwing operations has an important influence on the growth rate and yield of rice, and pot seedling uprightness is affected by the influence of soil backfilling during trenching. Due to the complexity of the furrow opener–soil–pot seedling interaction mechanism in the rice pot seedling planting process, the soil backfilling process is difficult to observe. In order to improve the uprightness of pot seedling planting, this paper constructs a soil model and a soil–pot seedling model step by step, based on the discrete element method (DEM), as well as a coupled model of the pot seedling planting system to study the process of furrow opener–soil–pot seedling planting, the reliability of which is then verified. The results showed that the simulation results of the constructed soil model and soil–pot seedling model deviated from the actual calibration results by <6%, and the model could accurately simulate the pot seedling throwing process. The simulation analysis of the trenching process revealed that the soil backfilling process during trenching showed a three-stage evolution pattern of “backfilling-covering-stabilizing”; in addition, the forward speed of the machine was 0.8 m/s, and the falling speed of the seedling discharge cylinder was 3.5 m/s, which made it possible for the model to simulate the pot seedling throwing process accurately. In addition, when the pot seedling with a forward speed of 0.8 m/s and a drop speed of 3.5 m/s fell into the trench after 0.15 s of trenching, its lateral and longitudinal uprightness were 67.0 ± 1.2° and 65.2 ± 1.5°, respectively. After optimization of the structure of the trenchers, the width, depth, and length of the main body were 40 mm, 37.87 mm, and 32.32 mm, respectively, and the lateral and longitudinal uprightness of the pot seedlings increased to 70.0 ± 1.0° and 69.4 ± 0.8, respectively. The coupled model bench validation test showed that its reliability error was <5%. The coupled model provides technical support for the design and parameter optimization of rice planting equipment.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/11/1206pot seedlingthrowinguprightnessfurrow openerDEMsoil backfilling
spellingShingle Bin Jiang
Jinping Cai
Xiongfei Chen
Junan Liu
Liping Xiao
Jinlong Lin
Yuqiang Chen
Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete Approach
Agriculture
pot seedling
throwing
uprightness
furrow opener
DEM
soil backfilling
title Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete Approach
title_full Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete Approach
title_fullStr Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete Approach
title_full_unstemmed Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete Approach
title_short Study on the Interactions Process of Coupled Model of Furrow Opener–Soil–Pot Seedling Based on Discrete Approach
title_sort study on the interactions process of coupled model of furrow opener soil pot seedling based on discrete approach
topic pot seedling
throwing
uprightness
furrow opener
DEM
soil backfilling
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/11/1206
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