Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trial

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of an avatar-based intervention on depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Participants (N = 151) with subclinical depressive symptoms were instructed to challenge an avatar over three sessions. While participants within the intervention group challenged their p...

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Main Authors: Nicolina Laura Peperkorn, Julia Ohse, Janosch Fox, Merle Kuhlencord, Christin Janine Grevenhaus, Joshua Krutzki, Michael Witthöft, Youssef Shiban
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-06-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96228-8
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author Nicolina Laura Peperkorn
Julia Ohse
Janosch Fox
Merle Kuhlencord
Christin Janine Grevenhaus
Joshua Krutzki
Michael Witthöft
Youssef Shiban
author_facet Nicolina Laura Peperkorn
Julia Ohse
Janosch Fox
Merle Kuhlencord
Christin Janine Grevenhaus
Joshua Krutzki
Michael Witthöft
Youssef Shiban
author_sort Nicolina Laura Peperkorn
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study evaluated the effect of an avatar-based intervention on depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Participants (N = 151) with subclinical depressive symptoms were instructed to challenge an avatar over three sessions. While participants within the intervention group challenged their personal dysfunctional beliefs, participants in the control group challenged nonsense statements. Allocation to treatment groups was randomized. Data collection took place pre-intervention and post-intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms, which was more pronounced for the intervention group (p < .01), as well as a significant group × time interaction for self-esteem (p < .05). The effect on depression symptom strength was large in the experimental group (d = − 1.19) and medium (d = − 0.72) in the control group, while the effect on self-esteem was moderate (d = 0.54) in the intervention and small (d = 0.29) in the control group. Our findings on symptom reduction align with prior research, while positive effects on self-esteem are a novelty. These results demonstrate the intervention’s potential for reducing the symptoms of mental illness.
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issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-b0bc3fe12d5b47d98f16f9209df6a41c2025-08-20T04:02:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-06-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-96228-8Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trialNicolina Laura Peperkorn0Julia Ohse1Janosch Fox2Merle Kuhlencord3Christin Janine Grevenhaus4Joshua Krutzki5Michael Witthöft6Youssef Shiban7Clinical Psychology Department, PFH Private University of Applied SciencesClinical Psychology Department, PFH Private University of Applied SciencesClinical Psychology Department, PFH Private University of Applied SciencesClinical Psychology Department, PFH Private University of Applied SciencesClinical Psychology Department, PFH Private University of Applied SciencesClinical Psychology Department, PFH Private University of Applied SciencesDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Experimental Psychopathology, Johannes Gutenberg University MainzClinical Psychology Department, PFH Private University of Applied SciencesAbstract This study evaluated the effect of an avatar-based intervention on depressive symptoms and self-esteem. Participants (N = 151) with subclinical depressive symptoms were instructed to challenge an avatar over three sessions. While participants within the intervention group challenged their personal dysfunctional beliefs, participants in the control group challenged nonsense statements. Allocation to treatment groups was randomized. Data collection took place pre-intervention and post-intervention. Statistical analysis revealed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms, which was more pronounced for the intervention group (p < .01), as well as a significant group × time interaction for self-esteem (p < .05). The effect on depression symptom strength was large in the experimental group (d = − 1.19) and medium (d = − 0.72) in the control group, while the effect on self-esteem was moderate (d = 0.54) in the intervention and small (d = 0.29) in the control group. Our findings on symptom reduction align with prior research, while positive effects on self-esteem are a novelty. These results demonstrate the intervention’s potential for reducing the symptoms of mental illness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96228-8AvatarDigital interventionDysfunctional beliefsDepressive symptomsConfrontation
spellingShingle Nicolina Laura Peperkorn
Julia Ohse
Janosch Fox
Merle Kuhlencord
Christin Janine Grevenhaus
Joshua Krutzki
Michael Witthöft
Youssef Shiban
Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trial
Scientific Reports
Avatar
Digital intervention
Dysfunctional beliefs
Depressive symptoms
Confrontation
title Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trial
title_full Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trial
title_fullStr Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trial
title_full_unstemmed Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trial
title_short Effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar-based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms: a randomized parallel trial
title_sort effects of change in dysfunctional beliefs in avatar based cognitive therapy for depressive symptoms a randomized parallel trial
topic Avatar
Digital intervention
Dysfunctional beliefs
Depressive symptoms
Confrontation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96228-8
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