Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach

Rubella, commonly referred to as German measles, is a contagious illness induced by the Rubella virus. It typically manifests with symptoms that include a low-grade fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, and rashes on the body. It transmits through close interaction with infected individuals or throug...

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Main Authors: Bushra Bibi, Arshad Iqbal, Muhammad Rahiyab, Syed Shujait Ali, Ishaq Khan, Shahid Ali, Zahid Hussain, Abbas Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:The Microbe
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625000913
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author Bushra Bibi
Arshad Iqbal
Muhammad Rahiyab
Syed Shujait Ali
Ishaq Khan
Shahid Ali
Zahid Hussain
Abbas Khan
author_facet Bushra Bibi
Arshad Iqbal
Muhammad Rahiyab
Syed Shujait Ali
Ishaq Khan
Shahid Ali
Zahid Hussain
Abbas Khan
author_sort Bushra Bibi
collection DOAJ
description Rubella, commonly referred to as German measles, is a contagious illness induced by the Rubella virus. It typically manifests with symptoms that include a low-grade fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, and rashes on the body. It transmits through close interaction with infected individuals or through respiratory droplet contact, and if the infection happens during pregnancy, it can result in congenital rubella syndrome. The outbreak of measles can cause severe complications, particularly in young, malnourished children, and can result in death. Approximately 60 % of women in their childbearing years are globally susceptible to rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Therefore, immunization against this virus is required to lower its fatality rate. Our modern research concentrates on the development and formation of a multi-epitope vaccine focused on structural polyprotein using immunoinformatics techniques. Specific selection parameters were utilized to screen possible CTL, B-cell, and T-cell epitopes from the selected protein of the rubella virus. Subsequently, we put together the selected epitopes by joining them with the proper linkers and adjuvant. The multiple epitope vaccine construct was examined in terms of physicochemical parameters, antigenicity, allergenicity, and immunogenicity. The immunological simulation analysis of the vaccine construct also showed remarkable outcomes. Furthermore, the vaccine construct's molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and protein-protein docking analysis revealed a greater affinity for TLR-3 (Toll-like receptor-3). The process of in silico cloning showed maximum levels of protein expression in the host Escherichia coli (E. coli). These steps collectively contribute to the assessment and verification of the final vaccine construct’s efficacy. Surprisingly, our results suggest the vaccine construct governs potential immune responses against rubella infection.
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spelling doaj-art-b0b37ba094dc4693b0a2c0e6ab2e10412025-08-20T02:25:35ZengElsevierThe Microbe2950-19462025-06-01710032310.1016/j.microb.2025.100323Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approachBushra Bibi0Arshad Iqbal1Muhammad Rahiyab2Syed Shujait Ali3Ishaq Khan4Shahid Ali5Zahid Hussain6Abbas Khan7Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, KPK 19200, PakistanCentre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, KPK 19200, Pakistan; Corresponding author.Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, KPK 19200, PakistanCentre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, KPK 19200, PakistanCentre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, KPK 19200, PakistanCentre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, KPK 19200, PakistanCentre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora, KPK 19200, PakistanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, PO Box 2713, Doha, QatarRubella, commonly referred to as German measles, is a contagious illness induced by the Rubella virus. It typically manifests with symptoms that include a low-grade fever, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, and rashes on the body. It transmits through close interaction with infected individuals or through respiratory droplet contact, and if the infection happens during pregnancy, it can result in congenital rubella syndrome. The outbreak of measles can cause severe complications, particularly in young, malnourished children, and can result in death. Approximately 60 % of women in their childbearing years are globally susceptible to rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Therefore, immunization against this virus is required to lower its fatality rate. Our modern research concentrates on the development and formation of a multi-epitope vaccine focused on structural polyprotein using immunoinformatics techniques. Specific selection parameters were utilized to screen possible CTL, B-cell, and T-cell epitopes from the selected protein of the rubella virus. Subsequently, we put together the selected epitopes by joining them with the proper linkers and adjuvant. The multiple epitope vaccine construct was examined in terms of physicochemical parameters, antigenicity, allergenicity, and immunogenicity. The immunological simulation analysis of the vaccine construct also showed remarkable outcomes. Furthermore, the vaccine construct's molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and protein-protein docking analysis revealed a greater affinity for TLR-3 (Toll-like receptor-3). The process of in silico cloning showed maximum levels of protein expression in the host Escherichia coli (E. coli). These steps collectively contribute to the assessment and verification of the final vaccine construct’s efficacy. Surprisingly, our results suggest the vaccine construct governs potential immune responses against rubella infection.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625000913Congenital Rubella syndromeStructural polyproteinMolecular dockingMD simulationImmune simulationIn silico cloning
spellingShingle Bushra Bibi
Arshad Iqbal
Muhammad Rahiyab
Syed Shujait Ali
Ishaq Khan
Shahid Ali
Zahid Hussain
Abbas Khan
Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach
The Microbe
Congenital Rubella syndrome
Structural polyprotein
Molecular docking
MD simulation
Immune simulation
In silico cloning
title Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach
title_full Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach
title_fullStr Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach
title_full_unstemmed Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach
title_short Designing of a multi-epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach
title_sort designing of a multi epitopes based vaccine against rubella virus using bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approach
topic Congenital Rubella syndrome
Structural polyprotein
Molecular docking
MD simulation
Immune simulation
In silico cloning
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950194625000913
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