Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, Greenland
We recently reported on the radio-frequency attenuation length of cold polar ice at Summit Station, Greenland, based on bi-static radar measurements of radio-frequency bedrock echo strengths taken during the summer of 2021. Those data also allow studies of (a) the relative contributions of coherent...
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Cambridge University Press
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Glaciology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143023000722/type/journal_article |
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| author | Juan Antonio Aguilar Patrick Allison Dave Besson Abby Bishop Olga Botner Sjoerd Bouma Stijn Buitink Maddalena Cataldo Brian A. Clark Kenny Couberly Zach Curtis-Ginsberg Paramita Dasgupta Simon de Kockere Krijn D. de Vries Cosmin Deaconu Michael A. DuVernois Anna Eimer Christian Glaser Allan Hallgren Steffen Hallmann Jordan Christian Hanson Bryan Hendricks Jakob Henrichs Nils Heyer Christian Hornhuber Kaeli Hughes Timo Karg Albrecht Karle John L. Kelley Michael Korntheuer Marek Kowalski Ilya Kravchenko Ryan Krebs Robert Lahmann Uzair Latif Joseph Mammo Matthew J. Marsee Zachary S. Meyers Kelli Michaels Katharine Mulrey Marco Muzio Anna Nelles Alexander Novikov Alisa Nozdrina Eric Oberla Bob Oeyen Ilse Plaisier Noppadol Punsuebsay Lilly Pyras Dirk Ryckbosch Olaf Scholten David Seckel Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh Daniel Smith Jethro Stoffels Daniel Southall Karen Terveer Simona Toscano Delia Tosi Dieder J. Van Den Broeck Nick van Eijndhoven Abigail G. Vieregg Janna Z. Vischer Christoph Welling Dawn R. Williams Stephanie Wissel Robert Young Adrian Zink |
| author_facet | Juan Antonio Aguilar Patrick Allison Dave Besson Abby Bishop Olga Botner Sjoerd Bouma Stijn Buitink Maddalena Cataldo Brian A. Clark Kenny Couberly Zach Curtis-Ginsberg Paramita Dasgupta Simon de Kockere Krijn D. de Vries Cosmin Deaconu Michael A. DuVernois Anna Eimer Christian Glaser Allan Hallgren Steffen Hallmann Jordan Christian Hanson Bryan Hendricks Jakob Henrichs Nils Heyer Christian Hornhuber Kaeli Hughes Timo Karg Albrecht Karle John L. Kelley Michael Korntheuer Marek Kowalski Ilya Kravchenko Ryan Krebs Robert Lahmann Uzair Latif Joseph Mammo Matthew J. Marsee Zachary S. Meyers Kelli Michaels Katharine Mulrey Marco Muzio Anna Nelles Alexander Novikov Alisa Nozdrina Eric Oberla Bob Oeyen Ilse Plaisier Noppadol Punsuebsay Lilly Pyras Dirk Ryckbosch Olaf Scholten David Seckel Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh Daniel Smith Jethro Stoffels Daniel Southall Karen Terveer Simona Toscano Delia Tosi Dieder J. Van Den Broeck Nick van Eijndhoven Abigail G. Vieregg Janna Z. Vischer Christoph Welling Dawn R. Williams Stephanie Wissel Robert Young Adrian Zink |
| author_sort | Juan Antonio Aguilar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We recently reported on the radio-frequency attenuation length of cold polar ice at Summit Station, Greenland, based on bi-static radar measurements of radio-frequency bedrock echo strengths taken during the summer of 2021. Those data also allow studies of (a) the relative contributions of coherent (such as discrete internal conducting layers with sub-centimeter transverse scale) vs incoherent (e.g. bulk volumetric) scattering, (b) the magnitude of internal layer reflection coefficients, (c) limits on signal propagation velocity asymmetries (‘birefringence’) and (d) limits on signal dispersion in-ice over a bandwidth of ~100 MHz. We find that (1) attenuation lengths approach 1 km in our band, (2) after averaging 10 000 echo triggers, reflected signals observable over the thermal floor (to depths of ~1500 m) are consistent with being entirely coherent, (3) internal layer reflectivities are ≈–60$\to$–70 dB, (4) birefringent effects for vertically propagating signals are smaller by an order of magnitude relative to South Pole and (5) within our experimental limits, glacial ice is non-dispersive over the frequency band relevant for neutrino detection experiments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0aeff4095ba4d5abcd145600189daec |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Glaciology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0aeff4095ba4d5abcd145600189daec2025-08-20T02:33:44ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Glaciology0022-14301727-56522023-12-01691929194010.1017/jog.2023.72Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, GreenlandJuan Antonio Aguilar0Patrick Allison1Dave Besson2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6733-963XAbby Bishop3Olga Botner4Sjoerd Bouma5Stijn Buitink6Maddalena Cataldo7Brian A. Clark8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2245Kenny Couberly9Zach Curtis-Ginsberg10Paramita Dasgupta11Simon de Kockere12https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-012XKrijn D. de Vries13Cosmin Deaconu14Michael A. DuVernois15Anna Eimer16Christian Glaser17Allan Hallgren18Steffen Hallmann19Jordan Christian Hanson20Bryan Hendricks21Jakob Henrichs22Nils Heyer23Christian Hornhuber24Kaeli Hughes25Timo Karg26Albrecht Karle27John L. Kelley28Michael Korntheuer29https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5602-3485Marek Kowalski30Ilya Kravchenko31Ryan Krebs32Robert Lahmann33Uzair Latif34Joseph Mammo35Matthew J. Marsee36Zachary S. Meyers37Kelli Michaels38Katharine Mulrey39Marco Muzio40Anna Nelles41https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1720-6350Alexander Novikov42Alisa Nozdrina43Eric Oberla44Bob Oeyen45https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2940-3164Ilse Plaisier46Noppadol Punsuebsay47Lilly Pyras48Dirk Ryckbosch49Olaf Scholten50David Seckel51Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh52https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-7354Daniel Smith53https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-4072Jethro Stoffels54Daniel Southall55Karen Terveer56Simona Toscano57Delia Tosi58Dieder J. Van Den Broeck59Nick van Eijndhoven60Abigail G. Vieregg61Janna Z. Vischer62Christoph Welling63Dawn R. Williams64Stephanie Wissel65https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0569-6978Robert Young66Adrian Zink67Science Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Physics, Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAWisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC), Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 752 37, SwedenErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyAstrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAScience Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAWisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC), Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 752 37, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 752 37, SwedenDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyWhittier College, Whittier, CA 90602, USADepartment of Physics, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16801, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE 752 37, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USADeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyWisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC), Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USAWisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC), Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USAScience Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, Germany Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USADepartment of Physics, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16801, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyDienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, NE 68588, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyDepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL, The NetherlandsDepartment of Physics, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16801, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, BelgiumErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, 15738 Zeuthen, GermanyDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, BelgiumDienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium Kapteyn Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USADienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyScience Faculty CP230, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumWisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center (WIPAC), Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53703, USAAstrophysical Institute, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium Dienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDienst ELEM, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Physics, Enrico Fermi Institute, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USADepartment of Physics, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16801, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USAErlangen Center for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, GermanyWe recently reported on the radio-frequency attenuation length of cold polar ice at Summit Station, Greenland, based on bi-static radar measurements of radio-frequency bedrock echo strengths taken during the summer of 2021. Those data also allow studies of (a) the relative contributions of coherent (such as discrete internal conducting layers with sub-centimeter transverse scale) vs incoherent (e.g. bulk volumetric) scattering, (b) the magnitude of internal layer reflection coefficients, (c) limits on signal propagation velocity asymmetries (‘birefringence’) and (d) limits on signal dispersion in-ice over a bandwidth of ~100 MHz. We find that (1) attenuation lengths approach 1 km in our band, (2) after averaging 10 000 echo triggers, reflected signals observable over the thermal floor (to depths of ~1500 m) are consistent with being entirely coherent, (3) internal layer reflectivities are ≈–60$\to$–70 dB, (4) birefringent effects for vertically propagating signals are smaller by an order of magnitude relative to South Pole and (5) within our experimental limits, glacial ice is non-dispersive over the frequency band relevant for neutrino detection experiments.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143023000722/type/journal_articleArctic glaciologyice physicsradio-echo sounding |
| spellingShingle | Juan Antonio Aguilar Patrick Allison Dave Besson Abby Bishop Olga Botner Sjoerd Bouma Stijn Buitink Maddalena Cataldo Brian A. Clark Kenny Couberly Zach Curtis-Ginsberg Paramita Dasgupta Simon de Kockere Krijn D. de Vries Cosmin Deaconu Michael A. DuVernois Anna Eimer Christian Glaser Allan Hallgren Steffen Hallmann Jordan Christian Hanson Bryan Hendricks Jakob Henrichs Nils Heyer Christian Hornhuber Kaeli Hughes Timo Karg Albrecht Karle John L. Kelley Michael Korntheuer Marek Kowalski Ilya Kravchenko Ryan Krebs Robert Lahmann Uzair Latif Joseph Mammo Matthew J. Marsee Zachary S. Meyers Kelli Michaels Katharine Mulrey Marco Muzio Anna Nelles Alexander Novikov Alisa Nozdrina Eric Oberla Bob Oeyen Ilse Plaisier Noppadol Punsuebsay Lilly Pyras Dirk Ryckbosch Olaf Scholten David Seckel Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh Daniel Smith Jethro Stoffels Daniel Southall Karen Terveer Simona Toscano Delia Tosi Dieder J. Van Den Broeck Nick van Eijndhoven Abigail G. Vieregg Janna Z. Vischer Christoph Welling Dawn R. Williams Stephanie Wissel Robert Young Adrian Zink Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, Greenland Journal of Glaciology Arctic glaciology ice physics radio-echo sounding |
| title | Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, Greenland |
| title_full | Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, Greenland |
| title_fullStr | Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, Greenland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, Greenland |
| title_short | Radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at Summit Station, Greenland |
| title_sort | radiofrequency ice dielectric measurements at summit station greenland |
| topic | Arctic glaciology ice physics radio-echo sounding |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143023000722/type/journal_article |
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