Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread

Bread is one of the main symbols of the culinary heritage of Galicia (NW Spain). This study evaluates the nutritional quality of Galician breads made from local wheat varieties, ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’, under organic and conventional farming systems. Breads were prepared using 100% local wheat flo...

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Main Authors: M Pilar España-Fariñas, Joaquín Camba-Carrión, María Belén García-Gómez, María Lourdes Vázquez-Odériz, Matilde Lombardero-Fernández, Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo, Luis Urquijo-Zamora, Ángel Cobos, Olga Díaz, María Ángeles Romero-Rodríguez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1712
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author M Pilar España-Fariñas
Joaquín Camba-Carrión
María Belén García-Gómez
María Lourdes Vázquez-Odériz
Matilde Lombardero-Fernández
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo
Luis Urquijo-Zamora
Ángel Cobos
Olga Díaz
María Ángeles Romero-Rodríguez
author_facet M Pilar España-Fariñas
Joaquín Camba-Carrión
María Belén García-Gómez
María Lourdes Vázquez-Odériz
Matilde Lombardero-Fernández
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo
Luis Urquijo-Zamora
Ángel Cobos
Olga Díaz
María Ángeles Romero-Rodríguez
author_sort M Pilar España-Fariñas
collection DOAJ
description Bread is one of the main symbols of the culinary heritage of Galicia (NW Spain). This study evaluates the nutritional quality of Galician breads made from local wheat varieties, ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’, under organic and conventional farming systems. Breads were prepared using 100% local wheat flour and a mixture of 25% local flour with 75% commercial flour, in accordance with the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) ‘Pan Galego’. Nutritional composition was assessed using official AOAC procedures and validated enzymatic assays, including macronutrients, fiber, starch fractions, sugars and minerals. The results reveal that 100% local wheat breads showed significantly higher levels of protein, carbohydrates and minerals, which are beneficial for human health. Specifically, ‘Caaveiro’ breads were richer in protein, while ‘Callobre’ breads exhibited higher carbohydrate and mineral content. Although the cultivation system had a minor effect, it was still relevant when combined with the proportion of local flour. The study highlights the potential of local wheat varieties to enhance the nutritional value of Galician bread.
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publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Foods
spelling doaj-art-b0a50c15f57f4e9db68b2d1e267845512025-08-20T02:33:44ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-05-011410171210.3390/foods14101712Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician BreadM Pilar España-Fariñas0Joaquín Camba-Carrión1María Belén García-Gómez2María Lourdes Vázquez-Odériz3Matilde Lombardero-Fernández4Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo5Luis Urquijo-Zamora6Ángel Cobos7Olga Díaz8María Ángeles Romero-Rodríguez9Areas of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainAreas of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainAreas of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainAreas of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainInstituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER), Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainInstituto de Biodiversidade Agraria e Desenvolvemento Rural (IBADER), Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainDepartment of Crop Production, Agricultural Research Center of Mabegondo, 15318 A Coruña, SpainAreas of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainAreas of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainAreas of Nutrition and Food Science and Food Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Sciences, Campus Terra, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, SpainBread is one of the main symbols of the culinary heritage of Galicia (NW Spain). This study evaluates the nutritional quality of Galician breads made from local wheat varieties, ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’, under organic and conventional farming systems. Breads were prepared using 100% local wheat flour and a mixture of 25% local flour with 75% commercial flour, in accordance with the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) ‘Pan Galego’. Nutritional composition was assessed using official AOAC procedures and validated enzymatic assays, including macronutrients, fiber, starch fractions, sugars and minerals. The results reveal that 100% local wheat breads showed significantly higher levels of protein, carbohydrates and minerals, which are beneficial for human health. Specifically, ‘Caaveiro’ breads were richer in protein, while ‘Callobre’ breads exhibited higher carbohydrate and mineral content. Although the cultivation system had a minor effect, it was still relevant when combined with the proportion of local flour. The study highlights the potential of local wheat varieties to enhance the nutritional value of Galician bread.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1712bread qualitylocal cultivar<i>Triticum aestivum</i>farming systemorganic wheatnutritional profile
spellingShingle M Pilar España-Fariñas
Joaquín Camba-Carrión
María Belén García-Gómez
María Lourdes Vázquez-Odériz
Matilde Lombardero-Fernández
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo
Luis Urquijo-Zamora
Ángel Cobos
Olga Díaz
María Ángeles Romero-Rodríguez
Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread
Foods
bread quality
local cultivar
<i>Triticum aestivum</i>
farming system
organic wheat
nutritional profile
title Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread
title_full Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread
title_fullStr Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread
title_short Influence of Cultivation System and Proportion of Local Cultivars ‘Caaveiro’ and ‘Callobre’ in Flour Mixtures on the Nutritional Quality of Galician Bread
title_sort influence of cultivation system and proportion of local cultivars caaveiro and callobre in flour mixtures on the nutritional quality of galician bread
topic bread quality
local cultivar
<i>Triticum aestivum</i>
farming system
organic wheat
nutritional profile
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1712
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