Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in Cyanobacteria
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for cyanobacteria, where it functions as a cofactor in key proteins involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant defense. However, at elevated concentrations, Cu becomes toxic, exhibiting algicidal effects by disrupting metal homeostasis and competing for meta...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/798 |
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| author | Jean Coutinho Oder Thamires Emidio Sateles Laila Barros de Souza Adriano Nunes-Nesi Wagner L. Araújo Luna Alvarenga-Lucius |
| author_facet | Jean Coutinho Oder Thamires Emidio Sateles Laila Barros de Souza Adriano Nunes-Nesi Wagner L. Araújo Luna Alvarenga-Lucius |
| author_sort | Jean Coutinho Oder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for cyanobacteria, where it functions as a cofactor in key proteins involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant defense. However, at elevated concentrations, Cu becomes toxic, exhibiting algicidal effects by disrupting metal homeostasis and competing for metal-binding sites on critical cellular proteins. Due to the considerable morphological and physiological diversity within the phylum Cyanobacteria, the thresholds for Cu deficiency or toxicity vary considerably among strains. Maintaining Cu homeostasis in cyanobacterial cells is a complex process involving multiple layers of regulation. It begins at the extracellular polysaccharide layer, involves specialized membrane-bound proteins (in the outer, plasma, and thylakoid membranes), and results in transcriptional regulation in response to intracellular Cu status. This review summarizes the current understanding of Cu uptake and efflux pathways in cyanobacteria and explores how these mechanisms contribute to maintaining cellular Cu balance. The knowledge gained may contribute to the application of cyanobacteria in bioremediation strategies and/or the targeted use of Cu in the control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b09e6a65e0b14c229c84fb90477c5b92 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-b09e6a65e0b14c229c84fb90477c5b922025-08-20T03:58:25ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-07-0114779810.3390/biology14070798Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in CyanobacteriaJean Coutinho Oder0Thamires Emidio Sateles1Laila Barros de Souza2Adriano Nunes-Nesi3Wagner L. Araújo4Luna Alvarenga-Lucius5Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, BrazilDepartamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, BrazilInstitute of Biosciences, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rostock, D-18059 Rostock, GermanyCopper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for cyanobacteria, where it functions as a cofactor in key proteins involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant defense. However, at elevated concentrations, Cu becomes toxic, exhibiting algicidal effects by disrupting metal homeostasis and competing for metal-binding sites on critical cellular proteins. Due to the considerable morphological and physiological diversity within the phylum Cyanobacteria, the thresholds for Cu deficiency or toxicity vary considerably among strains. Maintaining Cu homeostasis in cyanobacterial cells is a complex process involving multiple layers of regulation. It begins at the extracellular polysaccharide layer, involves specialized membrane-bound proteins (in the outer, plasma, and thylakoid membranes), and results in transcriptional regulation in response to intracellular Cu status. This review summarizes the current understanding of Cu uptake and efflux pathways in cyanobacteria and explores how these mechanisms contribute to maintaining cellular Cu balance. The knowledge gained may contribute to the application of cyanobacteria in bioremediation strategies and/or the targeted use of Cu in the control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/798copper homeostasiscyanobacterial stress responsecopper toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Jean Coutinho Oder Thamires Emidio Sateles Laila Barros de Souza Adriano Nunes-Nesi Wagner L. Araújo Luna Alvarenga-Lucius Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in Cyanobacteria Biology copper homeostasis cyanobacterial stress response copper toxicity |
| title | Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in Cyanobacteria |
| title_full | Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in Cyanobacteria |
| title_fullStr | Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in Cyanobacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in Cyanobacteria |
| title_short | Metabolic Responses, Uptake, and Export of Copper in Cyanobacteria |
| title_sort | metabolic responses uptake and export of copper in cyanobacteria |
| topic | copper homeostasis cyanobacterial stress response copper toxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/7/798 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeancoutinhooder metabolicresponsesuptakeandexportofcopperincyanobacteria AT thamiresemidiosateles metabolicresponsesuptakeandexportofcopperincyanobacteria AT lailabarrosdesouza metabolicresponsesuptakeandexportofcopperincyanobacteria AT adrianonunesnesi metabolicresponsesuptakeandexportofcopperincyanobacteria AT wagnerlaraujo metabolicresponsesuptakeandexportofcopperincyanobacteria AT lunaalvarengalucius metabolicresponsesuptakeandexportofcopperincyanobacteria |