EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge Balancing
The battery is at the heart of the electric vehicle and determines many of its key performance features. Therefore, an optimized design of the battery is critical. On the one hand, the design of batteries based on a single battery cell leads in many cases to oversized batteries in terms of energy or...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10820976/ |
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| author | Gabriel Garcia-Rojas Sergio Busquets-Monge Alber Filba-Martinez Turev Sarikurt Salvador Alepuz Josep Bordonau |
| author_facet | Gabriel Garcia-Rojas Sergio Busquets-Monge Alber Filba-Martinez Turev Sarikurt Salvador Alepuz Josep Bordonau |
| author_sort | Gabriel Garcia-Rojas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The battery is at the heart of the electric vehicle and determines many of its key performance features. Therefore, an optimized design of the battery is critical. On the one hand, the design of batteries based on a single battery cell leads in many cases to oversized batteries in terms of energy or power, due to the diversity of requirements of the different electric vehicles. On the other hand, the use of a custom cell for each vehicle, optimized for its particular requirements, is not economically viable. Instead, hybrid batteries, combining only two battery cell chemistries, with distinct particular strengths, such as high specific energy or high specific power, offer an opportunity to cover a wide range of vehicle battery specifications while avoiding oversizing and dispersion in the cells to be employed. This work introduces a novel hybrid battery configuration, where the interfacing between the two sets of cells is accomplished through a bidirectional multilevel neutral-point-clamped dc–dc converter. The novel topology is presented, and a suitable power converter modulation and control strategy is developed. The feasibility and benefits of such configuration are demonstrated and illustrated. Particularly, the proposed battery system allows the balancing of the State-of-Charge (SoC) of the battery modules within both the sets of battery banks, which is achieved without introducing additional power losses. The SoC balancing is simply accomplished through the regulation of the power to be extracted/delivered from/to each battery module by the power converter during regular battery discharging and charging operations. The converter features enough regulation margin to correct substantial SoC imbalances. Overall, the proposed approach enables a modular and scalable design of the energy storage system for a wide range of electric vehicles, from only two different standard battery modules and a standard power semiconductor device, while optimizing the battery size for any given battery power and energy specification. Simulation and experimental results are provided in the case of a three-level internal battery interfacing to verify the good performance of the proposed novel hybrid battery configuration, modulation, and control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0956451f83d42a0b8c1faf4545d5793 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-1284 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0956451f83d42a0b8c1faf4545d57932025-01-21T00:02:39ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society2644-12842025-01-01613014410.1109/OJIES.2024.352526210820976EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge BalancingGabriel Garcia-Rojas0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2674-2769Sergio Busquets-Monge1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8613-1110Alber Filba-Martinez2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1785-0605Turev Sarikurt3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1393-828XSalvador Alepuz4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8285-9411Josep Bordonau5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5587-7780Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainCatalonia Energy Research Institute, Sant Adrià del Besòs, SpainRail Transport Technologies Institute, Scientific and Technological Research Council of Türkiye, Kocaeli, TürkiyeTecnoCampus Mataró-Maresme, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Mataró, SpainDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, SpainThe battery is at the heart of the electric vehicle and determines many of its key performance features. Therefore, an optimized design of the battery is critical. On the one hand, the design of batteries based on a single battery cell leads in many cases to oversized batteries in terms of energy or power, due to the diversity of requirements of the different electric vehicles. On the other hand, the use of a custom cell for each vehicle, optimized for its particular requirements, is not economically viable. Instead, hybrid batteries, combining only two battery cell chemistries, with distinct particular strengths, such as high specific energy or high specific power, offer an opportunity to cover a wide range of vehicle battery specifications while avoiding oversizing and dispersion in the cells to be employed. This work introduces a novel hybrid battery configuration, where the interfacing between the two sets of cells is accomplished through a bidirectional multilevel neutral-point-clamped dc–dc converter. The novel topology is presented, and a suitable power converter modulation and control strategy is developed. The feasibility and benefits of such configuration are demonstrated and illustrated. Particularly, the proposed battery system allows the balancing of the State-of-Charge (SoC) of the battery modules within both the sets of battery banks, which is achieved without introducing additional power losses. The SoC balancing is simply accomplished through the regulation of the power to be extracted/delivered from/to each battery module by the power converter during regular battery discharging and charging operations. The converter features enough regulation margin to correct substantial SoC imbalances. Overall, the proposed approach enables a modular and scalable design of the energy storage system for a wide range of electric vehicles, from only two different standard battery modules and a standard power semiconductor device, while optimizing the battery size for any given battery power and energy specification. Simulation and experimental results are provided in the case of a three-level internal battery interfacing to verify the good performance of the proposed novel hybrid battery configuration, modulation, and control.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10820976/Hybrid batterymodulationmultilevelneutral point clamped (NPC)State-of-Charge (SoC) balancing |
| spellingShingle | Gabriel Garcia-Rojas Sergio Busquets-Monge Alber Filba-Martinez Turev Sarikurt Salvador Alepuz Josep Bordonau EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge Balancing IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society Hybrid battery modulation multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) State-of-Charge (SoC) balancing |
| title | EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge Balancing |
| title_full | EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge Balancing |
| title_fullStr | EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge Balancing |
| title_full_unstemmed | EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge Balancing |
| title_short | EV Hybrid Battery With Integrated Multilevel Neutral-Point-Clamped Interfacing and Lossless Intermodule State-of-Charge Balancing |
| title_sort | ev hybrid battery with integrated multilevel neutral point clamped interfacing and lossless intermodule state of charge balancing |
| topic | Hybrid battery modulation multilevel neutral point clamped (NPC) State-of-Charge (SoC) balancing |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10820976/ |
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