Predictive Value of Heart Rate Variability for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Patients
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is particularly associated with poor outcomes. Heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive marker of autonomic function, has been propose...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Medicina |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/984 |
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| Summary: | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a frequent complication after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), and is particularly associated with poor outcomes. Heart rate variability (HRV), a non-invasive marker of autonomic function, has been proposed as a tool to predict AF risk, but its utility in off-pump CABG remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of preoperative HRV parameters, including nonlinear metrics, for postoperative AF in patients undergoing off-pump CABG. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: We prospectively enrolled 67 patients undergoing elective off-pump CABG. HRV was assessed using 15 min high-resolution ECGs. Linear and nonlinear HRV parameters were analyzed. Postoperative AF was monitored through continuous ECG (days 0–4), daily 12-lead ECGs (days 5–7), and a 24 h Holter ECG on day 7. Statistical comparisons between AF and non-AF groups were performed, and the predictive accuracy was evaluated using ROC analysis. <i>Results</i>: Postoperative AF occurred in 40.3% (n = 27) of patients. Standard HRV measures (total power, frequency components, LF/HF ratio) did not differ significantly between groups. However, preoperative DFA Alpha 1 was significantly lower in patients who developed AF (<i>p</i> = 0.010) and showed the highest predictive value (AUC = 0.725, specificity = 80%). Alpha 1 also remained significantly reduced postoperatively in the AF group. Other nonlinear parameters, such as low and average fractal dimension, were also lower postoperatively in the AF group. <i>Conclusions</i>: Traditional HRV parameters showed limited predictive value for postoperative AF following off-pump CABG. The nonlinear DFA Alpha 1 index demonstrated a moderate predictive performance and may serve as a useful marker of autonomic dysregulation. Incorporating nonlinear HRV measures into preoperative assessment may improve AF risk stratification. |
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| ISSN: | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |