Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel
Glass pH sensors are unsuitable for in vivo biomedical, clinical, or food applications because of brittleness of glass, the difficulty in measurement of small volumes and complex matrices, and the need for calibration. Herein, a novel enamel reference electrode for pH sensors is developed using a bi...
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221171562400585X |
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| author | Tadanori Hashimoto Tomonari Kuno Atsushi Ishihara Takuhisa Komi Yuji Nishio |
| author_facet | Tadanori Hashimoto Tomonari Kuno Atsushi Ishihara Takuhisa Komi Yuji Nishio |
| author_sort | Tadanori Hashimoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glass pH sensors are unsuitable for in vivo biomedical, clinical, or food applications because of brittleness of glass, the difficulty in measurement of small volumes and complex matrices, and the need for calibration. Herein, a novel enamel reference electrode for pH sensors is developed using a binary xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2 glass/stainless steel (SUS) electrode. Subsequently, the effects of Ag2O content on the precipitated crystalline phases and pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/SUS electrodes are examined. The results indicate that the xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2 glass/SUS samples exhibit relatively low pH sensitivity. The pH sensitivities of the samples can be classified into two distinct groups. The first group, comprising samples with an Ag2O content of 25 mol% or more, exhibits a pH sensitivity higher than 10 %. The second group, comprising samples with an Ag2O content of 22 mol% or less, exhibits a pH sensitivity of less than 10 %. The pH sensitivity tends to decrease with increase in stutzite fraction in Ag–Te alloys. Results of X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that the hessite and stutzite Ag–Te alloys, which are minor and conductive, are the primary contributors to the low pH sensitivity observed. Moreover, the pH sensitivity of xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2/SUS is observed to be between those of the Ag–Te alloy and the Ag2O–TeO2 glass matrix. We propose occurrence of an electrical shunt should occur between the Ag–Te alloy and the Ag+-ion conductive Ag2O–TeO2 glass matrix. Regarding xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2 glass/SUS, the 20Ag2O·80TeO2 glass/SUS to 21Ag2O·79TeO2 glass/SUS compositions represent promising candidates as for KCl-leakage-free reference electrodes for pH sensors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0701468261e4feb8576d6c13e2aee6a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0701468261e4feb8576d6c13e2aee6a2025-08-20T02:39:02ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562024-12-011210188910.1016/j.rechem.2024.101889Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamelTadanori Hashimoto0Tomonari Kuno1Atsushi Ishihara2Takuhisa Komi3Yuji Nishio4Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-Cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Engineering Innovation Unit, Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-Cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan; Corresponding author at: Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-Cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-Cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, JapanDivision of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-Cho, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, JapanHORIBA Advanced Techno, Co., Ltd., 2 Miyanohigasi, Kisshoin, Minami-Ku, Kyoto 601-8551, JapanHORIBA Advanced Techno, Co., Ltd., 2 Miyanohigasi, Kisshoin, Minami-Ku, Kyoto 601-8551, JapanGlass pH sensors are unsuitable for in vivo biomedical, clinical, or food applications because of brittleness of glass, the difficulty in measurement of small volumes and complex matrices, and the need for calibration. Herein, a novel enamel reference electrode for pH sensors is developed using a binary xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2 glass/stainless steel (SUS) electrode. Subsequently, the effects of Ag2O content on the precipitated crystalline phases and pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/SUS electrodes are examined. The results indicate that the xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2 glass/SUS samples exhibit relatively low pH sensitivity. The pH sensitivities of the samples can be classified into two distinct groups. The first group, comprising samples with an Ag2O content of 25 mol% or more, exhibits a pH sensitivity higher than 10 %. The second group, comprising samples with an Ag2O content of 22 mol% or less, exhibits a pH sensitivity of less than 10 %. The pH sensitivity tends to decrease with increase in stutzite fraction in Ag–Te alloys. Results of X-ray diffraction measurements and transmission electron microscopy observations indicate that the hessite and stutzite Ag–Te alloys, which are minor and conductive, are the primary contributors to the low pH sensitivity observed. Moreover, the pH sensitivity of xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2/SUS is observed to be between those of the Ag–Te alloy and the Ag2O–TeO2 glass matrix. We propose occurrence of an electrical shunt should occur between the Ag–Te alloy and the Ag+-ion conductive Ag2O–TeO2 glass matrix. Regarding xAg2O·(100–x)TeO2 glass/SUS, the 20Ag2O·80TeO2 glass/SUS to 21Ag2O·79TeO2 glass/SUS compositions represent promising candidates as for KCl-leakage-free reference electrodes for pH sensors.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221171562400585XSilver tellurideHessiteStutziteTellurite glassKCl-leakage-free reference electrodepH sensor |
| spellingShingle | Tadanori Hashimoto Tomonari Kuno Atsushi Ishihara Takuhisa Komi Yuji Nishio Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel Results in Chemistry Silver telluride Hessite Stutzite Tellurite glass KCl-leakage-free reference electrode pH sensor |
| title | Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel |
| title_full | Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel |
| title_short | Effect of Ag–Te alloys on pH sensitivity of Ag2O–TeO2 glass/stainless steel enamel |
| title_sort | effect of ag te alloys on ph sensitivity of ag2o teo2 glass stainless steel enamel |
| topic | Silver telluride Hessite Stutzite Tellurite glass KCl-leakage-free reference electrode pH sensor |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221171562400585X |
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