Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol

Background: Kidney transplant recipients are uniquely exposed to the disordered bone metabolism associated with chronic kidney disease beginning before transplantation followed by chronic corticosteroid use after transplantation. Previous efforts to synthesize the rapidly accruing evidence regarding...

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Main Authors: Andrea C. Cowan, Karla Solo, Victoria Lebedeva, Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi, Maha El-Shimy, Aayushi Joshi, Edith Ginika Olalike, Misa Tanaka, Adam G. R. Klotz, Hatoun Wahid Elazhary, Antonia Zhu, Adam Forster, Shafaz Veettil, Sachin G. Nair, Maria Fernanda Servin Martinez, Dweeti Nayak, V. Nikhila Priya, Catherine Wellan, Diana Maria Cespedes Arcani, Pavel S. Roshanov
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2024-12-01
Series:Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581241306799
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author Andrea C. Cowan
Karla Solo
Victoria Lebedeva
Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi
Maha El-Shimy
Aayushi Joshi
Edith Ginika Olalike
Misa Tanaka
Adam G. R. Klotz
Hatoun Wahid Elazhary
Antonia Zhu
Adam Forster
Shafaz Veettil
Sachin G. Nair
Maria Fernanda Servin Martinez
Dweeti Nayak
V. Nikhila Priya
Catherine Wellan
Diana Maria Cespedes Arcani
Pavel S. Roshanov
author_facet Andrea C. Cowan
Karla Solo
Victoria Lebedeva
Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi
Maha El-Shimy
Aayushi Joshi
Edith Ginika Olalike
Misa Tanaka
Adam G. R. Klotz
Hatoun Wahid Elazhary
Antonia Zhu
Adam Forster
Shafaz Veettil
Sachin G. Nair
Maria Fernanda Servin Martinez
Dweeti Nayak
V. Nikhila Priya
Catherine Wellan
Diana Maria Cespedes Arcani
Pavel S. Roshanov
author_sort Andrea C. Cowan
collection DOAJ
description Background: Kidney transplant recipients are uniquely exposed to the disordered bone metabolism associated with chronic kidney disease beginning before transplantation followed by chronic corticosteroid use after transplantation. Previous efforts to synthesize the rapidly accruing evidence regarding estimation and management of fracture risk in kidney transplant recipients are outdated and incomplete. Objective: To synthesize the evidence informing the overall incidence, patient-specific risk prediction, and methods of prevention of fractures in patient living with a kidney transplant. Design: Three systematic reviews will address the following questions: What is the overall incidence of skeletal fracture after kidney transplantation (review 1)? Which prediction models and individual prognostic factors predict fracture in kidney transplant recipients (review 2)? and How effective are different antifracture interventions at preventing fracture or improving surrogate markers of bone health in kidney transplant recipients (review 3)? Setting: Cohort studies (reviews 1 and 2) and randomized trials (review 2) with a mean/median follow-up ≥12 months beginning after transplant. Review 3: randomized trials or new-user cohort studies with concurrent controls evaluating the effect of antifracture interventions including bisphosphonates, calcium supplementation, cinacalcet, denosumab, parathyroid hormone analogues, parathyroidectomy, raloxifene, romosozumab, steroid withdrawal or minimization protocols after kidney transplant, vitamin D (both active and nutritional), other antifracture interventions. Patients: Adult kidney transplant recipients in studies published after the year 2000. Measurements: Review 1: incidence rate or cumulative risk of fracture. Review 2: For prediction models, measures of discrimination (eg, c-statistic), calibration (calibration curves, observed:expected ratios), and net benefit (ie, from decision curve analysis); for individual prognostic factors, relative measures of association with fractures. Review 3: measures of treatment effect on fractures and on surrogate markers of bone health (eg, bone mineral density, trabecular bone score). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using subject headings and keywords related to kidney transplant and fractures. Pairs of reviewers will screen records independently in duplicate to identify studies relevant to one or more of the 3 reviews and categorize each study accordingly. Single reviewers will extract data and evaluate risk of bias for each included study using one of the following tools as appropriate: the Quality of Prognostic Studies tool, the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment tool, the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies—of Interventions tool, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. A second reviewer will independently verify. We will synthesize study-level summary estimates by random-effects meta-analysis for review 1, by vote counting and random-effects meta-analysis in review 2, and by random effects pairwise and, if feasible, network meta-analysis in review 3. We will summarize findings according to latest guidance of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group applicable to each review. Limitations: Reliance on published studies is susceptible to publication bias, particularly in studies of prediction (review 2) and of treatment effects (review 3). Conclusions: This review will provide an evidence update on 3 topics of relevance to patients, clinicians, guideline developers, and researchers.
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spelling doaj-art-b06c15db59624ab886b9d973fa94aced2025-08-20T01:59:57ZengSAGE PublishingCanadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease2054-35812024-12-011110.1177/20543581241306799Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review ProtocolAndrea C. Cowan0Karla Solo1Victoria Lebedeva2Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi3Maha El-Shimy4Aayushi Joshi5Edith Ginika Olalike6Misa Tanaka7Adam G. R. Klotz8Hatoun Wahid Elazhary9Antonia Zhu10Adam Forster11Shafaz Veettil12Sachin G. Nair13Maria Fernanda Servin Martinez14Dweeti Nayak15V. Nikhila Priya16Catherine Wellan17Diana Maria Cespedes Arcani18Pavel S. Roshanov19Victoria Hospital, London, ON, CanadaLondon Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, CanadaLondon Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, CanadaFaculty of Science, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, CanadaDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, IndiaFaculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi, MexicoPrecision AQ, New Yor, NY USAIndian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, IndiaIndependent Research Specialist, Monroe, WA, USADepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaPopulation Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, CanadaBackground: Kidney transplant recipients are uniquely exposed to the disordered bone metabolism associated with chronic kidney disease beginning before transplantation followed by chronic corticosteroid use after transplantation. Previous efforts to synthesize the rapidly accruing evidence regarding estimation and management of fracture risk in kidney transplant recipients are outdated and incomplete. Objective: To synthesize the evidence informing the overall incidence, patient-specific risk prediction, and methods of prevention of fractures in patient living with a kidney transplant. Design: Three systematic reviews will address the following questions: What is the overall incidence of skeletal fracture after kidney transplantation (review 1)? Which prediction models and individual prognostic factors predict fracture in kidney transplant recipients (review 2)? and How effective are different antifracture interventions at preventing fracture or improving surrogate markers of bone health in kidney transplant recipients (review 3)? Setting: Cohort studies (reviews 1 and 2) and randomized trials (review 2) with a mean/median follow-up ≥12 months beginning after transplant. Review 3: randomized trials or new-user cohort studies with concurrent controls evaluating the effect of antifracture interventions including bisphosphonates, calcium supplementation, cinacalcet, denosumab, parathyroid hormone analogues, parathyroidectomy, raloxifene, romosozumab, steroid withdrawal or minimization protocols after kidney transplant, vitamin D (both active and nutritional), other antifracture interventions. Patients: Adult kidney transplant recipients in studies published after the year 2000. Measurements: Review 1: incidence rate or cumulative risk of fracture. Review 2: For prediction models, measures of discrimination (eg, c-statistic), calibration (calibration curves, observed:expected ratios), and net benefit (ie, from decision curve analysis); for individual prognostic factors, relative measures of association with fractures. Review 3: measures of treatment effect on fractures and on surrogate markers of bone health (eg, bone mineral density, trabecular bone score). Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using subject headings and keywords related to kidney transplant and fractures. Pairs of reviewers will screen records independently in duplicate to identify studies relevant to one or more of the 3 reviews and categorize each study accordingly. Single reviewers will extract data and evaluate risk of bias for each included study using one of the following tools as appropriate: the Quality of Prognostic Studies tool, the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment tool, the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies—of Interventions tool, and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. A second reviewer will independently verify. We will synthesize study-level summary estimates by random-effects meta-analysis for review 1, by vote counting and random-effects meta-analysis in review 2, and by random effects pairwise and, if feasible, network meta-analysis in review 3. We will summarize findings according to latest guidance of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group applicable to each review. Limitations: Reliance on published studies is susceptible to publication bias, particularly in studies of prediction (review 2) and of treatment effects (review 3). Conclusions: This review will provide an evidence update on 3 topics of relevance to patients, clinicians, guideline developers, and researchers.https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581241306799
spellingShingle Andrea C. Cowan
Karla Solo
Victoria Lebedeva
Yasaman Mohammadi Kamalabadi
Maha El-Shimy
Aayushi Joshi
Edith Ginika Olalike
Misa Tanaka
Adam G. R. Klotz
Hatoun Wahid Elazhary
Antonia Zhu
Adam Forster
Shafaz Veettil
Sachin G. Nair
Maria Fernanda Servin Martinez
Dweeti Nayak
V. Nikhila Priya
Catherine Wellan
Diana Maria Cespedes Arcani
Pavel S. Roshanov
Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol
Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease
title Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol
title_full Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol
title_fullStr Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol
title_full_unstemmed Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol
title_short Incidence, Prediction, and Prevention of Fractures After Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review Protocol
title_sort incidence prediction and prevention of fractures after kidney transplantation a systematic review protocol
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20543581241306799
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