Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of India
India is a major producer of mandarin oranges. However, the average fruit yield remains below potential due in part to multiple nutrient deficiencies. Our objective was to elaborate compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) log-ratio standards accounting for nutrient interactions and the dilution the l...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| author | Anoop Kumar Srivastava Ambadas Dattatray Huchche Leon-Etienne Parent Suresh Kumar Malhotra Vasileios Ziogas Lohit Kumar Baishya |
| author_facet | Anoop Kumar Srivastava Ambadas Dattatray Huchche Leon-Etienne Parent Suresh Kumar Malhotra Vasileios Ziogas Lohit Kumar Baishya |
| author_sort | Anoop Kumar Srivastava |
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| description | India is a major producer of mandarin oranges. However, the average fruit yield remains below potential due in part to multiple nutrient deficiencies. Our objective was to elaborate compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) log-ratio standards accounting for nutrient interactions and the dilution the leaf tissue. We hypothesized that equally or unequally weighted dual nutrient log ratios integrated into centered log ratios (<i>clr</i>) or weighted log ratios (<i>wlr</i>) influence the accuracy of the CND diagnosis. The database comprised 494 observations on ‘Nagpur’, ‘Khasi’, and ‘Kinnow’ cultivars surveyed in contrasting agroecosystems of India. Weights were provided by gain ratios that indicated the importance of the dual log ratio on crop performance. The cutoff yield was set at the upper high-yield quarter for each variety. Centered log ratios (<i>clrs</i>) and weighted log ratios (<i>wlrs</i>) returned accuracies of 0.7–0.8 depending on the machine learning classification model. The gain ratios were not contrasted enough to make a difference between <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i>. We derived <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> nutrient standards following the Gradient Boosting model. In a case study, the <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> returned similar diagnoses. The capacity of <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> to generalize to unseen cases and correct nutrient imbalance should be further verified in fertilizer trials. The diagnosis could also be conducted at a local scale, thanks to the Euclidian geometry and additivity of <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> variables. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj-art-b06b21f8488348afb0196b0a4e3b61032025-08-20T02:11:11ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242025-02-0111325410.3390/horticulturae11030254Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of IndiaAnoop Kumar Srivastava0Ambadas Dattatray Huchche1Leon-Etienne Parent2Suresh Kumar Malhotra3Vasileios Ziogas4Lohit Kumar Baishya5ICAR—Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, IndiaICAR—Central Citrus Research Institute, Nagpur 440033, Maharashtra, IndiaDepartment of Soils and Agrifood Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, CanadaMaharana Pratap Horticultural University, Karnal 132001, Haryana, IndiaHellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA (ELGO—DIMITRA), Institute of Olive Tree, Subtropical Crops and Viticulture, 73134 Chania, GreeceICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Dhemaji 787035, Assam, IndiaIndia is a major producer of mandarin oranges. However, the average fruit yield remains below potential due in part to multiple nutrient deficiencies. Our objective was to elaborate compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) log-ratio standards accounting for nutrient interactions and the dilution the leaf tissue. We hypothesized that equally or unequally weighted dual nutrient log ratios integrated into centered log ratios (<i>clr</i>) or weighted log ratios (<i>wlr</i>) influence the accuracy of the CND diagnosis. The database comprised 494 observations on ‘Nagpur’, ‘Khasi’, and ‘Kinnow’ cultivars surveyed in contrasting agroecosystems of India. Weights were provided by gain ratios that indicated the importance of the dual log ratio on crop performance. The cutoff yield was set at the upper high-yield quarter for each variety. Centered log ratios (<i>clrs</i>) and weighted log ratios (<i>wlrs</i>) returned accuracies of 0.7–0.8 depending on the machine learning classification model. The gain ratios were not contrasted enough to make a difference between <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i>. We derived <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> nutrient standards following the Gradient Boosting model. In a case study, the <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> returned similar diagnoses. The capacity of <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> to generalize to unseen cases and correct nutrient imbalance should be further verified in fertilizer trials. The diagnosis could also be conducted at a local scale, thanks to the Euclidian geometry and additivity of <i>clr</i> and <i>wlr</i> variables.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/3/254citruscompositional data analysisIndiatissue nutrient diagnosiscentered log ratioweighted log ratio |
| spellingShingle | Anoop Kumar Srivastava Ambadas Dattatray Huchche Leon-Etienne Parent Suresh Kumar Malhotra Vasileios Ziogas Lohit Kumar Baishya Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of India Horticulturae citrus compositional data analysis India tissue nutrient diagnosis centered log ratio weighted log ratio |
| title | Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of India |
| title_full | Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of India |
| title_fullStr | Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of India |
| title_short | Nutrient Balance of Citrus Across the Mandarin Belts of India |
| title_sort | nutrient balance of citrus across the mandarin belts of india |
| topic | citrus compositional data analysis India tissue nutrient diagnosis centered log ratio weighted log ratio |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/11/3/254 |
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