Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization

Cities play a pivotal role in global decarbonization, acting as a critical driver of carbon emissions. Accurately allocating carbon mitigation responsibility (CMR) is essential for designing effective and equitable climate policies. How cities manage carbon leakage across boundaries through supply c...

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Main Authors: Junliang Wu, Yafei Wang, Shuya Zhang, Yu Zhu, Bingyue Fu, Zhihui Zhang, Hanxi Chen, Shaoqing Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Environmental Science and Ecotechnology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498425000171
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author Junliang Wu
Yafei Wang
Shuya Zhang
Yu Zhu
Bingyue Fu
Zhihui Zhang
Hanxi Chen
Shaoqing Chen
author_facet Junliang Wu
Yafei Wang
Shuya Zhang
Yu Zhu
Bingyue Fu
Zhihui Zhang
Hanxi Chen
Shaoqing Chen
author_sort Junliang Wu
collection DOAJ
description Cities play a pivotal role in global decarbonization, acting as a critical driver of carbon emissions. Accurately allocating carbon mitigation responsibility (CMR) is essential for designing effective and equitable climate policies. How cities manage carbon leakage across boundaries through supply chains and implement plan of increasing forest carbon sinks are important components for designing a fair and inclusive CMR. However, the combined impact of trade-related carbon leakage and forest carbon sinks on CMR allocation remains poorly understood. Here, we develop an integrated CMR allocation framework that accounts for both carbon leakage and variation of forest carbon offsets. When applied to the cities within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in China, it becomes evident that the inclusion of carbon leakage results in substantial alterations in mitigation quotas. Adjustments are observed to vary between ±10 % and 50 % across these cities from 2005 to 2020, a trend that is anticipated to continue until 2035. The redistribution of outsourced emissions through supply chains alleviates the mitigation burden on producer cities by 20–30 %. Additionally, accounting for carbon sinks substantially influences CMR allocation, particularly in forest-rich cities, which may see their carbon budgets increase by up to 10 %. Under an enhanced climate policy scenario, the growth rate of total mitigation quotas from 2025 to 2035 is projected to decrease by 40 % compared to a business-as-usual trajectory, reducing the burden on major producer cities. Our proposed CMR framework provides a robust basis for incentivizing coordinated mitigation efforts, promoting decarbonization in supply chains and enhancement of urban carbon sink capacities.
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institution Kabale University
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spelling doaj-art-b06a81176a1c460f8e169de0dc1079ec2025-02-11T04:35:31ZengElsevierEnvironmental Science and Ecotechnology2666-49842025-03-0124100539Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonizationJunliang Wu0Yafei Wang1Shuya Zhang2Yu Zhu3Bingyue Fu4Zhihui Zhang5Hanxi Chen6Shaoqing Chen7School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou, 510006, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou, 510006, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality and Green Development (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology (Sun Yat-Sen University), Guangzhou, 510006, China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality and Green Development (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, 510275, China; Corresponding author. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.Cities play a pivotal role in global decarbonization, acting as a critical driver of carbon emissions. Accurately allocating carbon mitigation responsibility (CMR) is essential for designing effective and equitable climate policies. How cities manage carbon leakage across boundaries through supply chains and implement plan of increasing forest carbon sinks are important components for designing a fair and inclusive CMR. However, the combined impact of trade-related carbon leakage and forest carbon sinks on CMR allocation remains poorly understood. Here, we develop an integrated CMR allocation framework that accounts for both carbon leakage and variation of forest carbon offsets. When applied to the cities within the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area in China, it becomes evident that the inclusion of carbon leakage results in substantial alterations in mitigation quotas. Adjustments are observed to vary between ±10 % and 50 % across these cities from 2005 to 2020, a trend that is anticipated to continue until 2035. The redistribution of outsourced emissions through supply chains alleviates the mitigation burden on producer cities by 20–30 %. Additionally, accounting for carbon sinks substantially influences CMR allocation, particularly in forest-rich cities, which may see their carbon budgets increase by up to 10 %. Under an enhanced climate policy scenario, the growth rate of total mitigation quotas from 2025 to 2035 is projected to decrease by 40 % compared to a business-as-usual trajectory, reducing the burden on major producer cities. Our proposed CMR framework provides a robust basis for incentivizing coordinated mitigation efforts, promoting decarbonization in supply chains and enhancement of urban carbon sink capacities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498425000171Carbon mitigation responsibilityCarbon leakageForest carbon sinkAllocation frameworkGuangdong–Hong Kong–Macao greater Bay area
spellingShingle Junliang Wu
Yafei Wang
Shuya Zhang
Yu Zhu
Bingyue Fu
Zhihui Zhang
Hanxi Chen
Shaoqing Chen
Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization
Environmental Science and Ecotechnology
Carbon mitigation responsibility
Carbon leakage
Forest carbon sink
Allocation framework
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao greater Bay area
title Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization
title_full Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization
title_fullStr Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization
title_full_unstemmed Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization
title_short Towards equitable carbon responsibility: Integrating trade-related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization
title_sort towards equitable carbon responsibility integrating trade related emissions and carbon sinks in urban decarbonization
topic Carbon mitigation responsibility
Carbon leakage
Forest carbon sink
Allocation framework
Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao greater Bay area
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666498425000171
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