The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials

Several trials have revealed the beneficial effects of synbiotics on inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, the findings drawn from extant trials remain contentious. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of synbiotics and prebiotics on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in children and...

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Main Authors: Yining Zhang, Junjie Hong, Yingli Zhang, Yuzhen Gao, Leilei Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Pharmacological Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661825002579
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author Yining Zhang
Junjie Hong
Yingli Zhang
Yuzhen Gao
Leilei Liang
author_facet Yining Zhang
Junjie Hong
Yingli Zhang
Yuzhen Gao
Leilei Liang
author_sort Yining Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Several trials have revealed the beneficial effects of synbiotics on inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, the findings drawn from extant trials remain contentious. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of synbiotics and prebiotics on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science until February 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding synbiotic supplementation for inflammation biomarkers. The GRADE approach was applied to assess the quality of evidence, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool was used to evaluate study quality. Ninety RCTs with 5207 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Finding revealed that biotic supplementation could significantly improve CRP (Synbiotics; SMD = −0.51; 95 % CI: −1.00, −0.03, P = 0.036, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.81; 95 % CI: −1.51, −0.10, P = 0.026), hs-CRP (Synbiotics; SMD = −0.66; 95 % CI: −0.96, −0.37; P < 0.001, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.50; 95 % CI: −0.86, −0.15; P = 0.006), TNF-α (Synbiotics; SMD = −0.70, 95 % CI: −1.16, −0.23; P = 0.003, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.57, 95 % CI: −0.93, −0.21; P = 0.002), IL-1β (Synbiotics; SMD = −1.35; 95 % CI: −2.44, −0.27, P = 0.014, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.44; 95 % CI: −0.76, −0.12, P = 0.006), and IL-6 (Synbiotics; SMD = −2.02, 95 % CI: −2.86, −1.18; P < 0.001, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.41, 95 % CI: −0.80, −0.03; P = 0.036) in adults. In contrast, synbiotics failed to show beneficial effects in children. However, in adults, prebiotics illustrated a significant reducing effect on IL-8 (SMD = −1.47, 95 % CI: −2.68, −0.26; P = 0.011). Overall, supplementation with synbiotics and prebiotics beneficially improved adult inflammatory biomarkers. However, based on subgroup analysis, our results revealed a significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers following synbiotics administration in short-term supplementation (<10 weeks) among adults.
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spelling doaj-art-b05ac66ef0844f44a87e9460fd067bfb2025-08-20T02:45:42ZengElsevierPharmacological Research1096-11862025-08-0121810783210.1016/j.phrs.2025.107832The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trialsYining Zhang0Junjie Hong1Yingli Zhang2Yuzhen Gao3Leilei Liang4Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, ChinaDepartment of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, ChinaDepartment of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; Corresponding authors.Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, ChinaDepartment of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; Corresponding authors.Several trials have revealed the beneficial effects of synbiotics on inflammatory biomarkers. Nevertheless, the findings drawn from extant trials remain contentious. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of synbiotics and prebiotics on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science until February 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding synbiotic supplementation for inflammation biomarkers. The GRADE approach was applied to assess the quality of evidence, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias (RoB) tool was used to evaluate study quality. Ninety RCTs with 5207 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Finding revealed that biotic supplementation could significantly improve CRP (Synbiotics; SMD = −0.51; 95 % CI: −1.00, −0.03, P = 0.036, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.81; 95 % CI: −1.51, −0.10, P = 0.026), hs-CRP (Synbiotics; SMD = −0.66; 95 % CI: −0.96, −0.37; P < 0.001, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.50; 95 % CI: −0.86, −0.15; P = 0.006), TNF-α (Synbiotics; SMD = −0.70, 95 % CI: −1.16, −0.23; P = 0.003, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.57, 95 % CI: −0.93, −0.21; P = 0.002), IL-1β (Synbiotics; SMD = −1.35; 95 % CI: −2.44, −0.27, P = 0.014, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.44; 95 % CI: −0.76, −0.12, P = 0.006), and IL-6 (Synbiotics; SMD = −2.02, 95 % CI: −2.86, −1.18; P < 0.001, and prebiotics; SMD = −0.41, 95 % CI: −0.80, −0.03; P = 0.036) in adults. In contrast, synbiotics failed to show beneficial effects in children. However, in adults, prebiotics illustrated a significant reducing effect on IL-8 (SMD = −1.47, 95 % CI: −2.68, −0.26; P = 0.011). Overall, supplementation with synbiotics and prebiotics beneficially improved adult inflammatory biomarkers. However, based on subgroup analysis, our results revealed a significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers following synbiotics administration in short-term supplementation (<10 weeks) among adults.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661825002579SynbioticsPrebioticsInflammation biomarkersMeta-analysis
spellingShingle Yining Zhang
Junjie Hong
Yingli Zhang
Yuzhen Gao
Leilei Liang
The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials
Pharmacological Research
Synbiotics
Prebiotics
Inflammation biomarkers
Meta-analysis
title The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials
title_full The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials
title_fullStr The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials
title_full_unstemmed The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials
title_short The effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials
title_sort effects of synbiotics surpass prebiotics in improving inflammatory biomarkers in children and adults a systematic review meta analysis and meta evidence of data from 5207 participants in 90 randomized controlled trials
topic Synbiotics
Prebiotics
Inflammation biomarkers
Meta-analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043661825002579
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