Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review.
<h4>Background</h4>Evidence shows that patients identified as Black experience worse emergency department (ED) care compared to patients identified as White. Clinical interactions (CI) are thought to affect racial disparities, but no systematic reviews to date have synthesized the eviden...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325315 |
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| author | Tommy J Flynn Bonnie Mowinski Jennings David W Wright Ymir Vigfusson Dian D Evans Vicki Hertzberg Emily J Burns Katherine A Yeager |
| author_facet | Tommy J Flynn Bonnie Mowinski Jennings David W Wright Ymir Vigfusson Dian D Evans Vicki Hertzberg Emily J Burns Katherine A Yeager |
| author_sort | Tommy J Flynn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Evidence shows that patients identified as Black experience worse emergency department (ED) care compared to patients identified as White. Clinical interactions (CI) are thought to affect racial disparities, but no systematic reviews to date have synthesized the evidence on the effects of patient race on CI processes and experiences.<h4>Objective</h4>We synthesized evidence from published studies comparing observed and/or patient-reported CI processes and experiences between patients identified as Black and White in US EDs.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a mixed-methods systematic review following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and registered a priori with PROSPERO (CRD42021281653). We used a broad search strategy to query six databases. Peer-reviewed original research reports comparing processes or experiences of CIs between Black and White patients in US EDs from 2004 to 2024 were eligible for inclusion.<h4>Results</h4>Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, three focused on observational CI processes and six focused on patient-reported CI experiences. Evidence of differences in CI processes and patient-reported experiences between Black and White patients was inconclusive. We identified four themes across measures used in studies of patient reported CI experiences, however, including responsive nonverbal behavior, effective verbal communication, person centeredness, and patient satisfaction.<h4>Discussion</h4>Research on the effects of patient race on ED CIs is lacking, especially research with observed real-world CI processes. Psychometrically robust instruments and conceptual clarity in the study of racial disparities in CI experiences are needed. We provide groundwork for future research development on racial disparities in ED CIs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b05995f9d1c24788ade72ed0ecb341a7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-b05995f9d1c24788ade72ed0ecb341a72025-08-20T03:28:51ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01206e032531510.1371/journal.pone.0325315Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review.Tommy J FlynnBonnie Mowinski JenningsDavid W WrightYmir VigfussonDian D EvansVicki HertzbergEmily J BurnsKatherine A Yeager<h4>Background</h4>Evidence shows that patients identified as Black experience worse emergency department (ED) care compared to patients identified as White. Clinical interactions (CI) are thought to affect racial disparities, but no systematic reviews to date have synthesized the evidence on the effects of patient race on CI processes and experiences.<h4>Objective</h4>We synthesized evidence from published studies comparing observed and/or patient-reported CI processes and experiences between patients identified as Black and White in US EDs.<h4>Methods</h4>This was a mixed-methods systematic review following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and registered a priori with PROSPERO (CRD42021281653). We used a broad search strategy to query six databases. Peer-reviewed original research reports comparing processes or experiences of CIs between Black and White patients in US EDs from 2004 to 2024 were eligible for inclusion.<h4>Results</h4>Nine studies met inclusion criteria. Of these, three focused on observational CI processes and six focused on patient-reported CI experiences. Evidence of differences in CI processes and patient-reported experiences between Black and White patients was inconclusive. We identified four themes across measures used in studies of patient reported CI experiences, however, including responsive nonverbal behavior, effective verbal communication, person centeredness, and patient satisfaction.<h4>Discussion</h4>Research on the effects of patient race on ED CIs is lacking, especially research with observed real-world CI processes. Psychometrically robust instruments and conceptual clarity in the study of racial disparities in CI experiences are needed. We provide groundwork for future research development on racial disparities in ED CIs.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325315 |
| spellingShingle | Tommy J Flynn Bonnie Mowinski Jennings David W Wright Ymir Vigfusson Dian D Evans Vicki Hertzberg Emily J Burns Katherine A Yeager Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review. PLoS ONE |
| title | Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review. |
| title_full | Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review. |
| title_fullStr | Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review. |
| title_short | Effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in US emergency departments: A mixed-methods systematic review. |
| title_sort | effects of patient race on processes and experiences of clinical interactions in us emergency departments a mixed methods systematic review |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325315 |
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