Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks

In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), protocols with definite contention windows fail to adapt to changing network conditions, resulting in channel congestion and collisions. This paper introduces the Adaptive Load-based Contention Window Medium Access Control (ALCW-MAC) protocol, which im...

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Main Authors: Meng Shan, Min Ouyang, Jiyi Wu, Tong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tsinghua University Press 2025-06-01
Series:Intelligent and Converged Networks
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.23919/ICN.2025.0011
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author Meng Shan
Min Ouyang
Jiyi Wu
Tong Wang
author_facet Meng Shan
Min Ouyang
Jiyi Wu
Tong Wang
author_sort Meng Shan
collection DOAJ
description In Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), protocols with definite contention windows fail to adapt to changing network conditions, resulting in channel congestion and collisions. This paper introduces the Adaptive Load-based Contention Window Medium Access Control (ALCW-MAC) protocol, which improves the backoff mechanism of the Contention Window Medium Access Control (CW-MAC) protocol. The ALCW-MAC protocol calculates a collision busy factor to evaluate the system load more accurately and dynamically adjusts the contention window size based on the average collision rate and channel busy rate. These dynamic adjustments enable the protocol to reflect real-time network loads, resulting in channel congestion reduction and bandwidth efficiency improvement. Comprehensive experimental results confirm that ALCW-MAC surpasses CW-MAC in throughput and packet loss rate, significantly enhancing network performance and stability.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Tsinghua University Press
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series Intelligent and Converged Networks
spelling doaj-art-b04dece46f814d99afa086da68924e0e2025-08-20T02:43:54ZengTsinghua University PressIntelligent and Converged Networks2708-62402025-06-016216417610.23919/ICN.2025.0011Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networksMeng Shan0Min Ouyang1Jiyi Wu2Tong Wang3College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaAdvanced Institute of Information Technology, Peking University, Hangzhou 311215, ChinaCollege of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaIn Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs), protocols with definite contention windows fail to adapt to changing network conditions, resulting in channel congestion and collisions. This paper introduces the Adaptive Load-based Contention Window Medium Access Control (ALCW-MAC) protocol, which improves the backoff mechanism of the Contention Window Medium Access Control (CW-MAC) protocol. The ALCW-MAC protocol calculates a collision busy factor to evaluate the system load more accurately and dynamically adjusts the contention window size based on the average collision rate and channel busy rate. These dynamic adjustments enable the protocol to reflect real-time network loads, resulting in channel congestion reduction and bandwidth efficiency improvement. Comprehensive experimental results confirm that ALCW-MAC surpasses CW-MAC in throughput and packet loss rate, significantly enhancing network performance and stability.https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.23919/ICN.2025.0011underwater wireless sensor networks (uwsns)medium access control (mac) protocolcontention window (cw)cw-mac
spellingShingle Meng Shan
Min Ouyang
Jiyi Wu
Tong Wang
Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
Intelligent and Converged Networks
underwater wireless sensor networks (uwsns)
medium access control (mac) protocol
contention window (cw)
cw-mac
title Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
title_full Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
title_fullStr Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
title_short Adaptive load-based contention window-MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
title_sort adaptive load based contention window mac protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks
topic underwater wireless sensor networks (uwsns)
medium access control (mac) protocol
contention window (cw)
cw-mac
url https://www.sciopen.com/article/10.23919/ICN.2025.0011
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AT minouyang adaptiveloadbasedcontentionwindowmacprotocolforunderwaterwirelesssensornetworks
AT jiyiwu adaptiveloadbasedcontentionwindowmacprotocolforunderwaterwirelesssensornetworks
AT tongwang adaptiveloadbasedcontentionwindowmacprotocolforunderwaterwirelesssensornetworks