Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in Immunomodulation
<i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> (MIP), an atypical mycobacterium originally developed as an anti-leprosy vaccine, has emerged as a potent immunomodulator with diverse therapeutic applications. Despite its clinical significance, molecular mechanisms underlying MIP’s immunomodulatory p...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Raunak Raunak Roopshali Rakshit Aayush Bahl Soumya Sinha Saurabh Pandey Sashi Kant Deeksha Tripathi |
| author_facet | Raunak Raunak Roopshali Rakshit Aayush Bahl Soumya Sinha Saurabh Pandey Sashi Kant Deeksha Tripathi |
| author_sort | Raunak Raunak |
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| description | <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> (MIP), an atypical mycobacterium originally developed as an anti-leprosy vaccine, has emerged as a potent immunomodulator with diverse therapeutic applications. Despite its clinical significance, molecular mechanisms underlying MIP’s immunomodulatory properties remain largely unexplored. Bacterial phosphatases are recognized as crucial virulence factors that enable pathogens to evade host defenses by modulating host immune signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide metabolism. MIP_07528 was identified as a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB) ortholog through in silico analysis, with significant sequence conservation observed within catalytic domains of pathogenic mycobacterial PtpB proteins. Phosphatase activity was detected in both cell lysate and culture filtrate fractions, revealing differential expression patterns between MIP and <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Upregulation of MIP_07528 was demonstrated under oxidative stress, suggesting involvement in stress adaptation. The recombinant protein exhibited distinctive kinetic properties, characterized by higher substrate affinity yet increased susceptibility to oxidative inactivation compared to its M. tuberculosis counterpart. In macrophages, MIP_07528 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines while enhancing anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. These findings establish MIP_07528 as a functional phosphatase that may contribute to MIP’s immunomodulatory properties. This work advances understanding of phosphatase function in non-pathogenic mycobacteria while providing insights into virulence factor evolution and establishing a foundation for novel antimicrobial strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b046e13a3e3f42498f72ef6c84be841e |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-b046e13a3e3f42498f72ef6c84be841e2025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-05-0114556510.3390/biology14050565Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in ImmunomodulationRaunak Raunak0Roopshali Rakshit1Aayush Bahl2Soumya Sinha3Saurabh Pandey4Sashi Kant5Deeksha Tripathi6Microbial Pathogenesis and Microbiome Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaMicrobial Pathogenesis and Microbiome Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaMicrobial Pathogenesis and Microbiome Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaMicrobial Pathogenesis and Microbiome Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USAMicrobial Pathogenesis and Microbiome Lab, Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India<i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> (MIP), an atypical mycobacterium originally developed as an anti-leprosy vaccine, has emerged as a potent immunomodulator with diverse therapeutic applications. Despite its clinical significance, molecular mechanisms underlying MIP’s immunomodulatory properties remain largely unexplored. Bacterial phosphatases are recognized as crucial virulence factors that enable pathogens to evade host defenses by modulating host immune signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide metabolism. MIP_07528 was identified as a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase B (PtpB) ortholog through in silico analysis, with significant sequence conservation observed within catalytic domains of pathogenic mycobacterial PtpB proteins. Phosphatase activity was detected in both cell lysate and culture filtrate fractions, revealing differential expression patterns between MIP and <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. Upregulation of MIP_07528 was demonstrated under oxidative stress, suggesting involvement in stress adaptation. The recombinant protein exhibited distinctive kinetic properties, characterized by higher substrate affinity yet increased susceptibility to oxidative inactivation compared to its M. tuberculosis counterpart. In macrophages, MIP_07528 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines while enhancing anti-inflammatory IL-10 production. These findings establish MIP_07528 as a functional phosphatase that may contribute to MIP’s immunomodulatory properties. This work advances understanding of phosphatase function in non-pathogenic mycobacteria while providing insights into virulence factor evolution and establishing a foundation for novel antimicrobial strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/565<i>Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii</i><i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>tyrosine phosphataseimmunomodulationhost–pathogen interactions |
| spellingShingle | Raunak Raunak Roopshali Rakshit Aayush Bahl Soumya Sinha Saurabh Pandey Sashi Kant Deeksha Tripathi Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in Immunomodulation Biology <i>Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii</i> <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> tyrosine phosphatase immunomodulation host–pathogen interactions |
| title | Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in Immunomodulation |
| title_full | Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in Immunomodulation |
| title_fullStr | Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in Immunomodulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in Immunomodulation |
| title_short | Functional Characterization of MIP_07528 of <i>Mycobacterium indicus pranii</i> for Tyrosine Phosphatase Activity Displays Sensitivity to Oxidative Inactivation and Plays a Role in Immunomodulation |
| title_sort | functional characterization of mip 07528 of i mycobacterium indicus pranii i for tyrosine phosphatase activity displays sensitivity to oxidative inactivation and plays a role in immunomodulation |
| topic | <i>Mycobacterium Indicus Pranii</i> <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> tyrosine phosphatase immunomodulation host–pathogen interactions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/5/565 |
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