A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods
<p>Ice mélange, a composite of sea ice and icebergs, can have a major influence on sea-ice–ocean interactions. However, ice mélange has not been represented in climate models because numerically efficient realizations do not exist. This motivates the development of a prototype of a dynamic hyb...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Cryosphere |
| Online Access: | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/19/129/2025/tc-19-129-2025.pdf |
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| author | S. Kahl C. Mehlmann D. Notz |
| author_facet | S. Kahl C. Mehlmann D. Notz |
| author_sort | S. Kahl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Ice mélange, a composite of sea ice and icebergs, can have a major influence on sea-ice–ocean interactions. However, ice mélange has not been represented in climate models because numerically efficient realizations do not exist. This motivates the development of a prototype of a dynamic hybrid ice-mélange model that we present in this paper. In our approach, icebergs are included as particles, while sea ice is treated as a continuum. To derive a joint continuum for ice mélange, we integrate particle properties into the sea-ice continuum. Thus, icebergs are viewed as thick, compact pieces of sea ice. The ice-mélange formulation is based on the viscous–plastic sea-ice rheology, which is currently the most widely used material law for sea ice in climate models. Starting from the continuum mechanical formulation, we modify the rheology such that icebergs are held together by a modified tensile strength in the material law. Due to the particle approach, we do not need highly resolved spatial meshes to represent the typical size of icebergs in ice mélange (< 300 <span class="inline-formula">m</span>). Instead, icebergs can be tracked on a subgrid level, while the typical resolution of the sea-ice model can be maintained (<span class="inline-formula">≥10</span> <span class="inline-formula">km</span>). This is an appealing property for computational efficiency and for an inclusion within large-scale models. In idealized test cases, we demonstrate that the proposed changes in the material law allow for a realistic representation of icebergs within the viscous–plastic sea-ice rheology. Furthermore, we show that subgrid dynamics, such as polynya formation due to grounded icebergs, can be modelled with the hybrid approach. Overall, this suggested extension of the viscous–plastic sea-ice model is a promising path towards the integration of ice mélange into climate models.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b0409dfc13ed4028acb0bcffdf47e7fd |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1994-0416 1994-0424 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Cryosphere |
| spelling | doaj-art-b0409dfc13ed4028acb0bcffdf47e7fd2025-08-20T02:35:40ZengCopernicus PublicationsThe Cryosphere1994-04161994-04242025-01-011912914110.5194/tc-19-129-2025A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methodsS. Kahl0C. Mehlmann1D. Notz2Institute of Analysis and Numerics, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, GermanyInstitute of Analysis and Numerics, Otto-von-Guericke Universität, Magdeburg, GermanyCenter for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Institute of Oceanography, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany<p>Ice mélange, a composite of sea ice and icebergs, can have a major influence on sea-ice–ocean interactions. However, ice mélange has not been represented in climate models because numerically efficient realizations do not exist. This motivates the development of a prototype of a dynamic hybrid ice-mélange model that we present in this paper. In our approach, icebergs are included as particles, while sea ice is treated as a continuum. To derive a joint continuum for ice mélange, we integrate particle properties into the sea-ice continuum. Thus, icebergs are viewed as thick, compact pieces of sea ice. The ice-mélange formulation is based on the viscous–plastic sea-ice rheology, which is currently the most widely used material law for sea ice in climate models. Starting from the continuum mechanical formulation, we modify the rheology such that icebergs are held together by a modified tensile strength in the material law. Due to the particle approach, we do not need highly resolved spatial meshes to represent the typical size of icebergs in ice mélange (< 300 <span class="inline-formula">m</span>). Instead, icebergs can be tracked on a subgrid level, while the typical resolution of the sea-ice model can be maintained (<span class="inline-formula">≥10</span> <span class="inline-formula">km</span>). This is an appealing property for computational efficiency and for an inclusion within large-scale models. In idealized test cases, we demonstrate that the proposed changes in the material law allow for a realistic representation of icebergs within the viscous–plastic sea-ice rheology. Furthermore, we show that subgrid dynamics, such as polynya formation due to grounded icebergs, can be modelled with the hybrid approach. Overall, this suggested extension of the viscous–plastic sea-ice model is a promising path towards the integration of ice mélange into climate models.</p>https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/19/129/2025/tc-19-129-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | S. Kahl C. Mehlmann D. Notz A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods The Cryosphere |
| title | A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods |
| title_full | A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods |
| title_fullStr | A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods |
| title_full_unstemmed | A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods |
| title_short | A hybrid ice-mélange model based on particle and continuum methods |
| title_sort | hybrid ice melange model based on particle and continuum methods |
| url | https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/19/129/2025/tc-19-129-2025.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT skahl ahybridicemelangemodelbasedonparticleandcontinuummethods AT cmehlmann ahybridicemelangemodelbasedonparticleandcontinuummethods AT dnotz ahybridicemelangemodelbasedonparticleandcontinuummethods AT skahl hybridicemelangemodelbasedonparticleandcontinuummethods AT cmehlmann hybridicemelangemodelbasedonparticleandcontinuummethods AT dnotz hybridicemelangemodelbasedonparticleandcontinuummethods |