Acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful management

Abstract Background Acute retinal necrosis triggered by routine cataract surgery is a rare condition, which may be overlooked by the clinicians. We report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with the onset 4 days after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The patient demonstrates satisfacto...

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Main Authors: Ting Luo, Lu Wang, Li Zhang, Ming-Jue Hu, Si-Rui Zhou, Xing-Yu He, Jun-Feng Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03950-y
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author Ting Luo
Lu Wang
Li Zhang
Ming-Jue Hu
Si-Rui Zhou
Xing-Yu He
Jun-Feng Yang
author_facet Ting Luo
Lu Wang
Li Zhang
Ming-Jue Hu
Si-Rui Zhou
Xing-Yu He
Jun-Feng Yang
author_sort Ting Luo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Acute retinal necrosis triggered by routine cataract surgery is a rare condition, which may be overlooked by the clinicians. We report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with the onset 4 days after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The patient demonstrates satisfactory outcomes following anti-virus therapy. Case presentation A 73-year-old male presenting with 1-day history of floaters, eye redness, pain and vision loss in his right eye was referred to our clinic. He had just completed uncomplicated phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the right eye 5 days ago. He had a history of cutaneous herpes zoster infection at the age of 40. The visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye at presentation with marked anterior and posterior segment inflammation. ARN was suspected based on fundus findings, including retinal hemorrhage, vessel attenuation and retinal whitening. Following anti-virus therapy, the inflammation and visual acuity improved. Aqueous humor for viral DNA testing using polymerase chain reaction showed positivity to varicella zoster virus (VZV), confirming the diagnosis of VZV associated ARN. The visual acuity improved to 18/20 at one month follow-up examination with no recurrence of inflammation. Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of cataract surgery as a triggering event for reactivation of VZV and subsequent ARN. Anti-virus therapy initiated at early phase of the disease may yield satisfactory visual outcomes for the patient. Careful preoperative screening and postoperative monitoring in patients with a history of herpes infection is important.
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spelling doaj-art-b01e2bd37b8f472fbe951a9f12dd668f2025-08-20T02:56:15ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-03-012511410.1186/s12886-025-03950-yAcute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful managementTing Luo0Lu Wang1Li Zhang2Ming-Jue Hu3Si-Rui Zhou4Xing-Yu He5Jun-Feng Yang6Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People’s Hospital of ChengduDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Second People’s Hospital of ChengduDepartment of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Third People’s Hospital of ChengduDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Third People’s Hospital of ChengduDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Third People’s Hospital of ChengduDepartment of Ophthalmology, The Third People’s Hospital of ChengduAbstract Background Acute retinal necrosis triggered by routine cataract surgery is a rare condition, which may be overlooked by the clinicians. We report a case of unilateral acute retinal necrosis (ARN) with the onset 4 days after uncomplicated cataract surgery. The patient demonstrates satisfactory outcomes following anti-virus therapy. Case presentation A 73-year-old male presenting with 1-day history of floaters, eye redness, pain and vision loss in his right eye was referred to our clinic. He had just completed uncomplicated phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in the right eye 5 days ago. He had a history of cutaneous herpes zoster infection at the age of 40. The visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye at presentation with marked anterior and posterior segment inflammation. ARN was suspected based on fundus findings, including retinal hemorrhage, vessel attenuation and retinal whitening. Following anti-virus therapy, the inflammation and visual acuity improved. Aqueous humor for viral DNA testing using polymerase chain reaction showed positivity to varicella zoster virus (VZV), confirming the diagnosis of VZV associated ARN. The visual acuity improved to 18/20 at one month follow-up examination with no recurrence of inflammation. Conclusions Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of cataract surgery as a triggering event for reactivation of VZV and subsequent ARN. Anti-virus therapy initiated at early phase of the disease may yield satisfactory visual outcomes for the patient. Careful preoperative screening and postoperative monitoring in patients with a history of herpes infection is important.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03950-yVaricella Zoster virusAcute retinal necrosisCataract surgeryAnti-virus therapy
spellingShingle Ting Luo
Lu Wang
Li Zhang
Ming-Jue Hu
Si-Rui Zhou
Xing-Yu He
Jun-Feng Yang
Acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful management
BMC Ophthalmology
Varicella Zoster virus
Acute retinal necrosis
Cataract surgery
Anti-virus therapy
title Acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful management
title_full Acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful management
title_fullStr Acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful management
title_full_unstemmed Acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful management
title_short Acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery: a case of VZV reactivation and successful management
title_sort acute retinal necrosis following cataract surgery a case of vzv reactivation and successful management
topic Varicella Zoster virus
Acute retinal necrosis
Cataract surgery
Anti-virus therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03950-y
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