Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture

Abstract Background Infectious diseases including Newcastle disease (ND) impair poultry productivity and represent a significant burden to sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the active circulation and seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused by virulent...

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Main Authors: Abel B. Ekiri, Aliyu Wakawa, Scott M. Reid, Joe James, Craig Ross, Alexander M. P. Byrne, Thomas Lewis, Joshua Lynton-Jenkins, Kehinde Adebowale, Erik Mijten, Gabriel Varga, Ian H. Brown, Ashley C. Banyard, Alasdair J. C. Cook
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Veterinary Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04508-2
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author Abel B. Ekiri
Aliyu Wakawa
Scott M. Reid
Joe James
Craig Ross
Alexander M. P. Byrne
Thomas Lewis
Joshua Lynton-Jenkins
Kehinde Adebowale
Erik Mijten
Gabriel Varga
Ian H. Brown
Ashley C. Banyard
Alasdair J. C. Cook
author_facet Abel B. Ekiri
Aliyu Wakawa
Scott M. Reid
Joe James
Craig Ross
Alexander M. P. Byrne
Thomas Lewis
Joshua Lynton-Jenkins
Kehinde Adebowale
Erik Mijten
Gabriel Varga
Ian H. Brown
Ashley C. Banyard
Alasdair J. C. Cook
author_sort Abel B. Ekiri
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Infectious diseases including Newcastle disease (ND) impair poultry productivity and represent a significant burden to sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the active circulation and seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) in poultry at live bird markets (LBMs) across Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study of 18 LBMs was conducted within three states in Nigeria (Kano, Oyo, and Abuja). Paired swab and tissue samples (n = 413) were collected from birds on FTA cards and tested for APMV-1 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). A subset of rRT-PCR-positive samples were selected for whole genome sequencing based on the originating species (chicken, duck, geese), date, and market location to provide a broad range of isolates for characterisation. Blood samples (n = 405) were also collected from birds and the seroprevalence of APMV-1 antibodies was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results APMV-1 RNA was detected in 21.5% (89/413) of samples from LBMs by rRT-PCR. At least one APMV-1 positive sample was detected in 55.6% (10/18) of LBMs. The largest proportion of APMV-1-positive markets was in Kano (83.3%, 5/6), whereas the lowest was in Oyo (16.7%, 1/6). Assessment of genetic data demonstrated that genotype XIV.2 APMV-1 was circulating within Nigeria with the viruses detected clustering closely with other Nigerian isolates described previously. The seroprevalence of APMV-1 in birds was 45.9% (186/405) and 94.4% (17/18) of LBMs had at least one APMV-1 seropositive sample (i.e., with at least one APMV-1-antibody-positive bird). The LBMs in Kano had the lowest seroprevalence (88.3%, 5/6). Conclusions This study demonstrated that APMV-1 continues to circulate in LBMs in Nigeria. LBM traders, poultry producers, and related industry and policy stakeholders should be aware of the occurrence of APMV-1 and how ND may negatively impact upon poultry production and the livelihoods of poultry farmers and LBM traders. Training initiatives aimed at improving the knowledge of APMV-1 infection and improvements in biosecurity practises and the role of disease mitigation through vaccination are required to reduce the impact of this threat to food security.
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spelling doaj-art-b01cddcb57e147beb4e923452300595e2025-08-20T02:48:27ZengBMCBMC Veterinary Research1746-61482025-02-0121111510.1186/s12917-025-04508-2Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agricultureAbel B. Ekiri0Aliyu Wakawa1Scott M. Reid2Joe James3Craig Ross4Alexander M. P. Byrne5Thomas Lewis6Joshua Lynton-Jenkins7Kehinde Adebowale8Erik Mijten9Gabriel Varga10Ian H. Brown11Ashley C. Banyard12Alasdair J. C. Cook13Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of SurreyDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello UniversityAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyZoetis-ALPHA Initiative, ZoetisZoetis-ALPHA Initiative, ZoetisZoetis-ALPHA Initiative, ZoetisAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyAnimal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Department of VirologyDepartment of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of SurreyAbstract Background Infectious diseases including Newcastle disease (ND) impair poultry productivity and represent a significant burden to sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. This study aimed to investigate the active circulation and seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) caused by virulent forms of avian paramyxovirus type-1 (APMV-1) in poultry at live bird markets (LBMs) across Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study of 18 LBMs was conducted within three states in Nigeria (Kano, Oyo, and Abuja). Paired swab and tissue samples (n = 413) were collected from birds on FTA cards and tested for APMV-1 using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). A subset of rRT-PCR-positive samples were selected for whole genome sequencing based on the originating species (chicken, duck, geese), date, and market location to provide a broad range of isolates for characterisation. Blood samples (n = 405) were also collected from birds and the seroprevalence of APMV-1 antibodies was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results APMV-1 RNA was detected in 21.5% (89/413) of samples from LBMs by rRT-PCR. At least one APMV-1 positive sample was detected in 55.6% (10/18) of LBMs. The largest proportion of APMV-1-positive markets was in Kano (83.3%, 5/6), whereas the lowest was in Oyo (16.7%, 1/6). Assessment of genetic data demonstrated that genotype XIV.2 APMV-1 was circulating within Nigeria with the viruses detected clustering closely with other Nigerian isolates described previously. The seroprevalence of APMV-1 in birds was 45.9% (186/405) and 94.4% (17/18) of LBMs had at least one APMV-1 seropositive sample (i.e., with at least one APMV-1-antibody-positive bird). The LBMs in Kano had the lowest seroprevalence (88.3%, 5/6). Conclusions This study demonstrated that APMV-1 continues to circulate in LBMs in Nigeria. LBM traders, poultry producers, and related industry and policy stakeholders should be aware of the occurrence of APMV-1 and how ND may negatively impact upon poultry production and the livelihoods of poultry farmers and LBM traders. Training initiatives aimed at improving the knowledge of APMV-1 infection and improvements in biosecurity practises and the role of disease mitigation through vaccination are required to reduce the impact of this threat to food security.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04508-2Newcastle diseaseAvian paramyxovirusVirulentPoultryNigeriaLive-bird markets
spellingShingle Abel B. Ekiri
Aliyu Wakawa
Scott M. Reid
Joe James
Craig Ross
Alexander M. P. Byrne
Thomas Lewis
Joshua Lynton-Jenkins
Kehinde Adebowale
Erik Mijten
Gabriel Varga
Ian H. Brown
Ashley C. Banyard
Alasdair J. C. Cook
Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
BMC Veterinary Research
Newcastle disease
Avian paramyxovirus
Virulent
Poultry
Nigeria
Live-bird markets
title Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
title_full Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
title_fullStr Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
title_full_unstemmed Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
title_short Evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in Nigeria: defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
title_sort evaluating the impact of avian paramyxovirus type 1 infection in poultry at live bird markets in nigeria defining hurdles to sustainable agriculture
topic Newcastle disease
Avian paramyxovirus
Virulent
Poultry
Nigeria
Live-bird markets
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-025-04508-2
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