Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract Background When delivered through vaccination Vi-polysaccharide antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi protects against typhoid by inducing IgG anti-Vi antibodies. We aimed to determine whether the presence of antibodies following natural infection is associated with a lower incidenc...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Farhana Khanam Natasha Y. Rickett Faisal Ahmmed Md Taufiqul Islam Cecilia Kathure Mbae Justin Im Asma Binte Aziz Beatrice Ongadi Fahima Chowdhury Ashraful Islam Khan Afroza Akter Md Golam Firoj Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman Kassa Haile Se Eun Park Martin Bundi Mwebia Moses Mwangi Benjamin Ngugi Meseret Gebre Behute Kelvin Kering Suneth Agampodi Suman Kanungo Xinxue Liu Andrew J. Pollard K. Zaman Deok Ryun Kim Samuel Kariuki Firdausi Qadri John D. Clemens |
| author_facet | Farhana Khanam Natasha Y. Rickett Faisal Ahmmed Md Taufiqul Islam Cecilia Kathure Mbae Justin Im Asma Binte Aziz Beatrice Ongadi Fahima Chowdhury Ashraful Islam Khan Afroza Akter Md Golam Firoj Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman Kassa Haile Se Eun Park Martin Bundi Mwebia Moses Mwangi Benjamin Ngugi Meseret Gebre Behute Kelvin Kering Suneth Agampodi Suman Kanungo Xinxue Liu Andrew J. Pollard K. Zaman Deok Ryun Kim Samuel Kariuki Firdausi Qadri John D. Clemens |
| author_sort | Farhana Khanam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background When delivered through vaccination Vi-polysaccharide antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi protects against typhoid by inducing IgG anti-Vi antibodies. We aimed to determine whether the presence of antibodies following natural infection is associated with a lower incidence of typhoid fever in endemic regions. Methods We analyzed data from a cohort study of typhoid fever conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Plasma IgG anti-Vi antibodies were measured using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in random serosurveys of a population that had not previously received typhoid vaccination. Participants were followed for up to 20 months for culture-confirmed typhoid fever. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between antibody levels and typhoid risk. Results The ROC analysis revealed that IgG anti-Vi antibody titers were predictive of typhoid risk among the 8,261 serosurvey participants (area under the curve: 0·63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·58─0·67). Detection of any antibodies was associated with a lower risk of typhoid in crude analyses (hazard ratio (HR): 0·13; 95% CI: 0·03─0·52), though this association declined after adjustment (HR: 0·32; 95% CI: 0·07─1·40). A positive correlation was observed between IgG anti-Vi titers and age (correlation coefficient 0·35; p < 0·001), with a stepwise increase in detectable antibodies by age, ranging from 12·0% (280/2,333) in children under 5 years to 54·2% (463/854) in individuals 50 years and older (p < 0·001). Conclusions In typhoid-endemic populations, IgG anti-Vi antibodies may indicate natural immunity to typhoid. The increasing seroprevalence with age suggests that these antibodies could serve as markers of cumulative past typhoid infections. Future research should explore these possibilities. Clinical trial number Not applicable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-b01cdd024aac42a5a29c2d5001aacf03 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2334 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-b01cdd024aac42a5a29c2d5001aacf032025-02-02T12:10:31ZengBMCBMC Infectious Diseases1471-23342025-01-012511910.1186/s12879-025-10548-8Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, BangladeshFarhana Khanam0Natasha Y. Rickett1Faisal Ahmmed2Md Taufiqul Islam3Cecilia Kathure Mbae4Justin Im5Asma Binte Aziz6Beatrice Ongadi7Fahima Chowdhury8Ashraful Islam Khan9Afroza Akter10Md Golam Firoj11Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman12Kassa Haile13Se Eun Park14Martin Bundi Mwebia15Moses Mwangi16Benjamin Ngugi17Meseret Gebre Behute18Kelvin Kering19Suneth Agampodi20Suman Kanungo21Xinxue Liu22Andrew J. Pollard23K. Zaman24Deok Ryun Kim25Samuel Kariuki26Firdausi Qadri27John D. Clemens28International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Vaccine Institute, Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation Unit (CARE Unit)International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchKenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Research Investment for Global Health Technology (RIGHT) FoundationInternational Vaccine Institute, Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation Unit (CARE Unit)Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchArmauer Hansen Research InstituteInternational Vaccine Institute, Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation Unit (CARE Unit)Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)International Vaccine Institute, Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation Unit (CARE Unit)Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)International Vaccine Institute, Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation Unit (CARE Unit)ICMR- National Institute for Research in Bacterial InfectionsOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordOxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of OxfordInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Vaccine Institute, Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation Unit (CARE Unit)Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI)International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease ResearchInternational Vaccine Institute, Clinical, Assessment, Regulatory, Evaluation Unit (CARE Unit)Abstract Background When delivered through vaccination Vi-polysaccharide antigen of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi protects against typhoid by inducing IgG anti-Vi antibodies. We aimed to determine whether the presence of antibodies following natural infection is associated with a lower incidence of typhoid fever in endemic regions. Methods We analyzed data from a cohort study of typhoid fever conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Plasma IgG anti-Vi antibodies were measured using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in random serosurveys of a population that had not previously received typhoid vaccination. Participants were followed for up to 20 months for culture-confirmed typhoid fever. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the associations between antibody levels and typhoid risk. Results The ROC analysis revealed that IgG anti-Vi antibody titers were predictive of typhoid risk among the 8,261 serosurvey participants (area under the curve: 0·63; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0·58─0·67). Detection of any antibodies was associated with a lower risk of typhoid in crude analyses (hazard ratio (HR): 0·13; 95% CI: 0·03─0·52), though this association declined after adjustment (HR: 0·32; 95% CI: 0·07─1·40). A positive correlation was observed between IgG anti-Vi titers and age (correlation coefficient 0·35; p < 0·001), with a stepwise increase in detectable antibodies by age, ranging from 12·0% (280/2,333) in children under 5 years to 54·2% (463/854) in individuals 50 years and older (p < 0·001). Conclusions In typhoid-endemic populations, IgG anti-Vi antibodies may indicate natural immunity to typhoid. The increasing seroprevalence with age suggests that these antibodies could serve as markers of cumulative past typhoid infections. Future research should explore these possibilities. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10548-8BangladeshIgG anti-Vi antibodiesNatural protectionTyphoid fever |
| spellingShingle | Farhana Khanam Natasha Y. Rickett Faisal Ahmmed Md Taufiqul Islam Cecilia Kathure Mbae Justin Im Asma Binte Aziz Beatrice Ongadi Fahima Chowdhury Ashraful Islam Khan Afroza Akter Md Golam Firoj Sadia Isfat Ara Rahman Kassa Haile Se Eun Park Martin Bundi Mwebia Moses Mwangi Benjamin Ngugi Meseret Gebre Behute Kelvin Kering Suneth Agampodi Suman Kanungo Xinxue Liu Andrew J. Pollard K. Zaman Deok Ryun Kim Samuel Kariuki Firdausi Qadri John D. Clemens Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh BMC Infectious Diseases Bangladesh IgG anti-Vi antibodies Natural protection Typhoid fever |
| title | Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_full | Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_short | Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh |
| title_sort | evaluation of naturally occurring igg anti vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in dhaka bangladesh |
| topic | Bangladesh IgG anti-Vi antibodies Natural protection Typhoid fever |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-025-10548-8 |
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