Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic Flow

Automatic surveillance systems have become essential tools for urban centers. These technologies enable intelligent monitoring that is both versatile and non-intrusive. Today, these systems can analyze various aspects, such as urban traffic, citizen behavior, and the detection of unusual activities....

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Main Authors: Erik-Josué Moreno-Mejía, Daniel Canton-Enriquez, Ana-Marcela Herrera-Navarro, Hugo Jiménez-Hernández
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Modelling
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3951/6/2/38
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author Erik-Josué Moreno-Mejía
Daniel Canton-Enriquez
Ana-Marcela Herrera-Navarro
Hugo Jiménez-Hernández
author_facet Erik-Josué Moreno-Mejía
Daniel Canton-Enriquez
Ana-Marcela Herrera-Navarro
Hugo Jiménez-Hernández
author_sort Erik-Josué Moreno-Mejía
collection DOAJ
description Automatic surveillance systems have become essential tools for urban centers. These technologies enable intelligent monitoring that is both versatile and non-intrusive. Today, these systems can analyze various aspects, such as urban traffic, citizen behavior, and the detection of unusual activities. Most intelligent systems utilize photo sensors to gather information and assess situations. They analyze data sequences from these photo sensors over time to detect moving objects or other relevant information. In this context, background modeling approaches are crucial for efficiently detecting moving objects by differentiating between the foreground and background, which serves as the basis for further analysis. Although current methods are effective, the dynamic nature of outdoor environments can limit their performance due to numerous external variables that affect the collected information. This paper introduces a novel algorithm that uses mathematical morphology to create a background model by analyzing texture information in discrete spaces, leading to an efficient solution for the background subtraction task. The algorithm dynamically adjusts to global luminance conditions and effectively distinguishes texture information to label the foreground and background using morphological filters. A key advantage of this approach is its use of discrete working spaces, which enables faster implementation on standard hardware, making it suitable for a variety of devices. Finally, our proposal is tested against reference datasets of surveillance and common background subtraction algorithms, demonstrating that our method adapts better to outdoor conditions, making it more robust in detecting different moving objects.
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spelling doaj-art-b01a40fe8403494bb5111a224f2c3ec02025-08-20T02:20:59ZengMDPI AGModelling2673-39512025-05-01623810.3390/modelling6020038Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic FlowErik-Josué Moreno-Mejía0Daniel Canton-Enriquez1Ana-Marcela Herrera-Navarro2Hugo Jiménez-Hernández3Faculty Informatics, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, MexicoFaculty Informatics, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, MexicoFaculty Informatics, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, MexicoFaculty Informatics, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, MexicoAutomatic surveillance systems have become essential tools for urban centers. These technologies enable intelligent monitoring that is both versatile and non-intrusive. Today, these systems can analyze various aspects, such as urban traffic, citizen behavior, and the detection of unusual activities. Most intelligent systems utilize photo sensors to gather information and assess situations. They analyze data sequences from these photo sensors over time to detect moving objects or other relevant information. In this context, background modeling approaches are crucial for efficiently detecting moving objects by differentiating between the foreground and background, which serves as the basis for further analysis. Although current methods are effective, the dynamic nature of outdoor environments can limit their performance due to numerous external variables that affect the collected information. This paper introduces a novel algorithm that uses mathematical morphology to create a background model by analyzing texture information in discrete spaces, leading to an efficient solution for the background subtraction task. The algorithm dynamically adjusts to global luminance conditions and effectively distinguishes texture information to label the foreground and background using morphological filters. A key advantage of this approach is its use of discrete working spaces, which enables faster implementation on standard hardware, making it suitable for a variety of devices. Finally, our proposal is tested against reference datasets of surveillance and common background subtraction algorithms, demonstrating that our method adapts better to outdoor conditions, making it more robust in detecting different moving objects.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3951/6/2/38background subtractionmotion detectionmathematical morphologymotion detectionadaptable environmentintelligent systems
spellingShingle Erik-Josué Moreno-Mejía
Daniel Canton-Enriquez
Ana-Marcela Herrera-Navarro
Hugo Jiménez-Hernández
Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic Flow
Modelling
background subtraction
motion detection
mathematical morphology
motion detection
adaptable environment
intelligent systems
title Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic Flow
title_full Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic Flow
title_fullStr Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic Flow
title_full_unstemmed Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic Flow
title_short Morphological Background-Subtraction Modeling for Analyzing Traffic Flow
title_sort morphological background subtraction modeling for analyzing traffic flow
topic background subtraction
motion detection
mathematical morphology
motion detection
adaptable environment
intelligent systems
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-3951/6/2/38
work_keys_str_mv AT erikjosuemorenomejia morphologicalbackgroundsubtractionmodelingforanalyzingtrafficflow
AT danielcantonenriquez morphologicalbackgroundsubtractionmodelingforanalyzingtrafficflow
AT anamarcelaherreranavarro morphologicalbackgroundsubtractionmodelingforanalyzingtrafficflow
AT hugojimenezhernandez morphologicalbackgroundsubtractionmodelingforanalyzingtrafficflow