Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint Structures

<b>Introduction</b>: This study aimed to evaluate the submental and masticatory muscles in patients of different age groups using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) methods, and investigate potential associations between muscle morphology, temporomandibular joi...

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Main Authors: Melisa Öçbe, Mahmut Sabri Medişoğlu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1535
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author Melisa Öçbe
Mahmut Sabri Medişoğlu
author_facet Melisa Öçbe
Mahmut Sabri Medişoğlu
author_sort Melisa Öçbe
collection DOAJ
description <b>Introduction</b>: This study aimed to evaluate the submental and masticatory muscles in patients of different age groups using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) methods, and investigate potential associations between muscle morphology, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures, and disc displacement. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: A total of 185 MRI scans were retrospectively analyzed to assess the thickness of the digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, medial pterygoid, masseter, and lateral pterygoid muscles bilaterally. TMJ hard tissue changes were classified using computed tomography (CT). Correlations between muscle thickness and TMJ structures were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results</b>: The study population included 110 females and 75 males, with a mean age of 50.08 ± 20.15 years. The largest age group was 51–75 years (41%), followed by 18–35 years (28%). Significant correlations were observed between muscle thickness and TMJ structures as follows: Right digastric muscle showed a significant association with right disc–condyle position (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Right mylohyoid muscle exhibited a strong correlation with right disc–condyle position (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Left medial pterygoid muscle was significantly correlated with left condyle pathology (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Left masseter muscle showed a significant correlation with left condyle pathology (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Condylar flattening was the most frequent pathology, observed in 58% of right condyles and 53% of left condyles. Disc displacement was present in 41% of right TMJs and 34% of left TMJs. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights the important associations between masticatory and submental muscle morphology and TMJ structures, suggesting that muscle function may play a role in condylar positioning and disc alignment. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive muscle evaluation in TMJ disorder (TMD) diagnosis and treatment planning.
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spelling doaj-art-b00e87f9e8ab444aa9c8ce3446163d932025-08-20T03:24:39ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011512153510.3390/diagnostics15121535Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint StructuresMelisa Öçbe0Mahmut Sabri Medişoğlu1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Yeniköy Mahallesi Ilıca Caddesi No:29, Başiskele 41275, Kocaeli, TurkeyDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Kocaeli Health and Technology University, Yeniköy Mahallesi Ilıca Caddesi No:29, Başiskele 41275, Kocaeli, Turkey<b>Introduction</b>: This study aimed to evaluate the submental and masticatory muscles in patients of different age groups using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) methods, and investigate potential associations between muscle morphology, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) structures, and disc displacement. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: A total of 185 MRI scans were retrospectively analyzed to assess the thickness of the digastric, geniohyoid, mylohyoid, medial pterygoid, masseter, and lateral pterygoid muscles bilaterally. TMJ hard tissue changes were classified using computed tomography (CT). Correlations between muscle thickness and TMJ structures were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, with statistical significance set at <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b>Results</b>: The study population included 110 females and 75 males, with a mean age of 50.08 ± 20.15 years. The largest age group was 51–75 years (41%), followed by 18–35 years (28%). Significant correlations were observed between muscle thickness and TMJ structures as follows: Right digastric muscle showed a significant association with right disc–condyle position (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Right mylohyoid muscle exhibited a strong correlation with right disc–condyle position (<i>p</i> = 0.004). Left medial pterygoid muscle was significantly correlated with left condyle pathology (<i>p</i> = 0.02). Left masseter muscle showed a significant correlation with left condyle pathology (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Condylar flattening was the most frequent pathology, observed in 58% of right condyles and 53% of left condyles. Disc displacement was present in 41% of right TMJs and 34% of left TMJs. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study highlights the important associations between masticatory and submental muscle morphology and TMJ structures, suggesting that muscle function may play a role in condylar positioning and disc alignment. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive muscle evaluation in TMJ disorder (TMD) diagnosis and treatment planning.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1535masticatory musclessubmental musclestemporomandibular jointmuscle thicknessMRITMJ disorders
spellingShingle Melisa Öçbe
Mahmut Sabri Medişoğlu
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint Structures
Diagnostics
masticatory muscles
submental muscles
temporomandibular joint
muscle thickness
MRI
TMJ disorders
title Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint Structures
title_full Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint Structures
title_fullStr Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint Structures
title_full_unstemmed Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint Structures
title_short Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Submental and Masticatory Muscle Morphology and Its Relationship with Temporomandibular Joint Structures
title_sort magnetic resonance imaging of submental and masticatory muscle morphology and its relationship with temporomandibular joint structures
topic masticatory muscles
submental muscles
temporomandibular joint
muscle thickness
MRI
TMJ disorders
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/12/1535
work_keys_str_mv AT melisaocbe magneticresonanceimagingofsubmentalandmasticatorymusclemorphologyanditsrelationshipwithtemporomandibularjointstructures
AT mahmutsabrimedisoglu magneticresonanceimagingofsubmentalandmasticatorymusclemorphologyanditsrelationshipwithtemporomandibularjointstructures