Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessment
Background and Aim: Cyanobacterial blooms, driven by anthropogenic and climatic changes, pose significant ecological and health threats. This study investigates the long-term effects of microcystins (MCs), potent cyanotoxins, on cattle at Lake des Oiseaux, a Ramsar-listed wetland in Algeria. Alignin...
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Veterinary World
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary World |
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| Online Access: | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/21.pdf |
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| author | Mounira Bensalem Amina Amrani Hadjer Zaidi Fateh Sedrati Omar Laouar Zhi Wang Hichem Nasri |
| author_facet | Mounira Bensalem Amina Amrani Hadjer Zaidi Fateh Sedrati Omar Laouar Zhi Wang Hichem Nasri |
| author_sort | Mounira Bensalem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Aim: Cyanobacterial blooms, driven by anthropogenic and climatic changes, pose significant ecological and health threats. This study investigates the long-term effects of microcystins (MCs), potent cyanotoxins, on cattle at Lake des Oiseaux, a Ramsar-listed wetland in Algeria. Aligning with the “One Health” framework, the research evaluates the biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress impacts of MCs on livestock as environmental sentinels.
Materials and Methods: A herd of 40 cattle (20 exposed and 20 non-exposed) was studied during the summer bloom period of 2019. Blood and liver samples were analyzed to assess biochemical markers (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, etc.), histopathological changes, and oxidative stress parameters (GPx, CAT, SOD, LPO and GSH).
Results: Exposed cattle exhibited significant elevations in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers, indicating hepatic inflammation and redox imbalance. Histological analysis revealed macrovacuolar steatosis, fibrosis, and bile duct dilatation. Antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, CAT and SOD) were reduced, with notable depletion of GSH levels and increased lipid peroxidation. These findings reflect the cumulative cytotoxic effects of MC exposure. Non-exposed cattle showed no such changes.
Conclusion: Long-term MC exposure disrupts liver function and induces oxidative stress in cattle, implicating significant risks for both animal and human health. The bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins in livestock emphasizes the urgent need for preventive measures, including water monitoring, restricted livestock access to contaminated sites, and farmer education. These strategies are vital to mitigate risks under the “One Health” approach, ensuring sustainable livestock and public health. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-affbe50c6cff4038a4b28774f90dcc7f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0972-8988 2231-0916 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Veterinary World |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary World |
| spelling | doaj-art-affbe50c6cff4038a4b28774f90dcc7f2025-02-07T12:37:18ZengVeterinary WorldVeterinary World0972-89882231-09162025-01-0118118920110.14202/vetworld.2025.189-201Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessmentMounira Bensalem0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3059-247XAmina Amrani1https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9364-7353Hadjer Zaidi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-3972Fateh Sedrati3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3042-204XOmar Laouar4https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9079-8961Zhi Wang5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-7013Hichem Nasri6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-1412Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Pollution, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf, Algeria; Department of Life and Nature Sciences, Sciences Faculty, University 20 Août 1955 Skikda, Algeria.Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Pollution, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf, Algeria; Department of Research Project Monitoring, Thematic Agency for Research in Health Sciences, Oran, Algeria.Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Pollution, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf, Algeria.Laboratory of Sciences and Technology of Water and Environment, Mohamed Cherif Messaadia University, Souk Ahras.Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Pollution, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf, Algeria; Central Pathology Laboratory, Mutaeb Hospital, Sakaka, Al Jouf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China.Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystems Pollution, University of Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf, Algeria; Department of Research Project Monitoring, Thematic Agency for Research in Health Sciences, Oran, Algeria.Background and Aim: Cyanobacterial blooms, driven by anthropogenic and climatic changes, pose significant ecological and health threats. This study investigates the long-term effects of microcystins (MCs), potent cyanotoxins, on cattle at Lake des Oiseaux, a Ramsar-listed wetland in Algeria. Aligning with the “One Health” framework, the research evaluates the biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress impacts of MCs on livestock as environmental sentinels. Materials and Methods: A herd of 40 cattle (20 exposed and 20 non-exposed) was studied during the summer bloom period of 2019. Blood and liver samples were analyzed to assess biochemical markers (ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, etc.), histopathological changes, and oxidative stress parameters (GPx, CAT, SOD, LPO and GSH). Results: Exposed cattle exhibited significant elevations in liver enzymes and oxidative stress markers, indicating hepatic inflammation and redox imbalance. Histological analysis revealed macrovacuolar steatosis, fibrosis, and bile duct dilatation. Antioxidant enzyme activities (GPx, CAT and SOD) were reduced, with notable depletion of GSH levels and increased lipid peroxidation. These findings reflect the cumulative cytotoxic effects of MC exposure. Non-exposed cattle showed no such changes. Conclusion: Long-term MC exposure disrupts liver function and induces oxidative stress in cattle, implicating significant risks for both animal and human health. The bioaccumulation of cyanotoxins in livestock emphasizes the urgent need for preventive measures, including water monitoring, restricted livestock access to contaminated sites, and farmer education. These strategies are vital to mitigate risks under the “One Health” approach, ensuring sustainable livestock and public health.https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/21.pdfcattle healthcyanobacterial bloomsenvironmental pollutionlake des oiseauxmicrocystinone healthoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Mounira Bensalem Amina Amrani Hadjer Zaidi Fateh Sedrati Omar Laouar Zhi Wang Hichem Nasri Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessment Veterinary World cattle health cyanobacterial blooms environmental pollution lake des oiseaux microcystin one health oxidative stress |
| title | Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessment |
| title_full | Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessment |
| title_fullStr | Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessment |
| title_short | Impact of long-term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle: Biochemical, histological, and oxidative stress assessment |
| title_sort | impact of long term cyanotoxin exposure on cattle biochemical histological and oxidative stress assessment |
| topic | cattle health cyanobacterial blooms environmental pollution lake des oiseaux microcystin one health oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.18/January-2025/21.pdf |
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