A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea

Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and the use of major DED medications in South Korea using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, a nationwide registry with mandatory enrollment. A total of 6,383,885 individuals from 2016 to 2020 were i...

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Main Authors: Joon Bo Lee, Jiu Lee, Yeo Kyoung Won, Dong Hui Lim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07228-7
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author Joon Bo Lee
Jiu Lee
Yeo Kyoung Won
Dong Hui Lim
author_facet Joon Bo Lee
Jiu Lee
Yeo Kyoung Won
Dong Hui Lim
author_sort Joon Bo Lee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and the use of major DED medications in South Korea using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, a nationwide registry with mandatory enrollment. A total of 6,383,885 individuals from 2016 to 2020 were included, selected annually through stratified random sampling. Patients with DED were identified by the ICD-10 code H04.1 assigned as the primary diagnosis by a clinician. Among the total population, 567,141 were diagnosed with DED, yielding a 5-year prevalence of 8.88%. Prevalence was higher in females (11.52%) than in males (5.92%) and increased with age, reaching 21.96% in individuals aged 70–74. Among DED patients, 86.91% received at least one medication. Single-use hyaluronic acid (HA) was most commonly prescribed (43.0%), followed by bottled steroids (24.5%), bottled HA (19.6%), and bottled diquafosol (4.3%). Annual prescriptions of cyclosporine and single-use steroids increased over time. Older patients were more likely to receive bottled formulations than single-use medication. This is the first nationwide study to examine DED prescription patterns on a large-scale population basis in South Korea, and the findings highlight the accessibility of HA-based therapies within a universal health coverage system, offering a distinct perspective compared to global patterns.
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spelling doaj-art-affa2b3511e248c58ecc6c50763442852025-08-20T03:42:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511810.1038/s41598-025-07228-7A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South KoreaJoon Bo Lee0Jiu Lee1Yeo Kyoung Won2Dong Hui Lim3Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan UniversityDepartment of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineDepartment of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan UniversityAbstract This study investigated the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) and the use of major DED medications in South Korea using data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment database, a nationwide registry with mandatory enrollment. A total of 6,383,885 individuals from 2016 to 2020 were included, selected annually through stratified random sampling. Patients with DED were identified by the ICD-10 code H04.1 assigned as the primary diagnosis by a clinician. Among the total population, 567,141 were diagnosed with DED, yielding a 5-year prevalence of 8.88%. Prevalence was higher in females (11.52%) than in males (5.92%) and increased with age, reaching 21.96% in individuals aged 70–74. Among DED patients, 86.91% received at least one medication. Single-use hyaluronic acid (HA) was most commonly prescribed (43.0%), followed by bottled steroids (24.5%), bottled HA (19.6%), and bottled diquafosol (4.3%). Annual prescriptions of cyclosporine and single-use steroids increased over time. Older patients were more likely to receive bottled formulations than single-use medication. This is the first nationwide study to examine DED prescription patterns on a large-scale population basis in South Korea, and the findings highlight the accessibility of HA-based therapies within a universal health coverage system, offering a distinct perspective compared to global patterns.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07228-7Dry eye diseaseEpidemiologyPrevalencePrescription patternTreatment patternHyaluronic acid
spellingShingle Joon Bo Lee
Jiu Lee
Yeo Kyoung Won
Dong Hui Lim
A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea
Scientific Reports
Dry eye disease
Epidemiology
Prevalence
Prescription pattern
Treatment pattern
Hyaluronic acid
title A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea
title_full A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea
title_fullStr A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea
title_full_unstemmed A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea
title_short A nationwide population-based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in South Korea
title_sort nationwide population based study on epidemiologic characteristics and treatment patterns of dry eye disease in south korea
topic Dry eye disease
Epidemiology
Prevalence
Prescription pattern
Treatment pattern
Hyaluronic acid
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07228-7
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